Abstract: A running shoe includes an upper, a foot cavity defined in part by the upper and having a foot cavity length starting at a rearmost heel surface and ending at a frontmost toe surface of the foot cavity. The running shoe further includes an outsole including one or more metatarsal lugs, and a midsole. The metatarsal lug is disposed on the outsole under a corresponding metatarsal bone of a user when the user is wearing the running shoe and has a center disposed at a center point corresponding to a location between 65% and 67% of the foot cavity length.

Abstract: A running shoe can include a sole and an upper formed separately from and connected to the sole. The sole can include a toe cap connected to a toe portion of the sole, at least one drainage hole positioned at and extending through the toe cap, a drainage hole cover including a flexible water permeable material extending over and visually obscuring the at least one drainage hole, the drainage hole cover extends over an area of the toe cap adjacent to and surrounding the drainage holes, and a foot cavity defined at least in part by an interior surface of the upper.

Abstract: A running shoe includes a sole, an upper connected to the sole, a foot cavity defined at least in part with the upper, insulation incorporated into the upper adjacent to the foot cavity, and a waterproof fabric distally located with respect to the insulation and forming a protective exterior of the upper.

Abstract: A system and method of modular gardening is disclosed which may include a planter, a planting medium such as peat, coconut husk (coir), etc., a planting template for determining the proper locations for planting seeds, and a planting guide which indicates locations on the planting template that should be used to maximize the amount of vegetables or other plants that can be grown in the planter. The planter may have a raised base with openings for water drainage. The modular planter may also include a channel to retain water which allows for proper hydration of the soil and decreases the frequency needed to water the plants. The modular gardening system may also include a drain pan for receiving the planter and a lid to protect plants grown in the planter from adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, a planting stick may be provided to ensure proper planting depth of seeds for germination.