Abstract: The engine consists of two sealed containers joined by a near horizontally orientated pipe mounted at a point along its length upon a shaft assembly within which is housed an axle about which the device is free to oscillate, and so constructed as to interact with an attuned complementary pendulum. When a temperature differential exists between the two containers, either by means of heating one container (hot leg) and/or cooling the other (cold leg), the consequent increase in pressure in the hot leg forces a quantity of the encased working fluid along the pipe to the cold leg, thereby creating a weight imbalance and changing the device's planar orientation. This change in orientation allows gas to escape from the hot leg, and a cycle is subsequently developed in which liquid is alternately expelled from the hot leg and then readmitted as the device oscillates.

Abstract: The engine consists of an annular array of chambers (hot leg), individually connected to an adjacent continuous condenser (cold leg), and containing a quantity of working fluid and gas—the gas usually being the fluid's own saturated vapor. When a temperature differential exists between the chambers and condenser—either by means of heat being applied to the chambers or cooling being applied to the condenser, or both—a resultant difference in vapor pressure is created; and while fluid within chambers on one lateral side is forced into the condenser, the positioning of the interconnecting ducts allows fluid to run freely from the condenser into chambers on the opposite upper lateral side. The weight imbalance and resultant torque created by such displacement of fluid causes the whole device to rotate, together with the axle to which it is secured.

Abstract: The engine consists of an annular array of chambers (hot leg), individually connected to an adjacent continuous condenser (cold leg), and containing a quantity of working fluid and gas—the gas usually being the fluid's own saturated vapor. When a temperature differential exists between the chambers and condenser— either by means of heat being applied to the chambers or cooling being applied to the condenser, or both—a resultant difference in vapor pressure is created; and while fluid within chambers on one lateral side is forced into the condenser, the positioning of the interconnecting ducts allows fluid to run freely from the condenser into chambers on the opposite upper lateral side. The weight imbalance and resultant torque created by such displacement of fluid causes the whole device to rotate, together with the axle to which it is secured.