Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of gene expression and/or activity, and/or modulate a gene expression pathway. Specifically, the invention relates to double-stranded nucleic acid molecules including small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules that are capable of mediating or that mediate RNA interference (RNAi) against target gene expression.

Abstract: A control device for controlling power supplied to circuitry is disclosed. The circuitry comprises a plurality of portions, each of said plurality of circuit portions being arranged between a first voltage level source and a second voltage level source, said first and second voltage level sources being adapted to output different voltage levels; said control device being adapted to control power supplied to each of said plurality of circuit portions.

Abstract: A multiport memory 2 is provided with control circuitry 14 which detects signal values indicative of concurrent write and read accesses via respective bit lines of a plurality of data access ports to a common row of bit cells. When such signals are detected, an override signal is generated and supplied to override circuitry 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44. The override circuitry is responsive to the override signal to drive one or more bit values being written to respective bit cells via their associated bit lines onto associated bit lines of other of a plurality of data access supports that are concurrently enabled for access to their bit cells. Thus, write data is also written onto the bit lines associated with a port performing a concurrent read operation.

Abstract: A multiport memory 2 is provided with control circuitry 14 which detects signal values indicative of concurrent write and read accesses via respective bit lines of a plurality of data access ports to a common row of bit cells. When such signals are detected, an override signal is generated and supplied to override circuitry 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44. The override circuitry is responsive to the override signal to drive one or more bit values being written to respective bit cells via their associated bit lines onto associated bit lines of other of a plurality of data access supports that are concurrently enabled for access to their bit cells. Thus, write data is also written onto the bit lines associated with a port performing a concurrent read operation.

Abstract: A control device for controlling power supplied to circuitry is disclosed. The circuitry comprises a plurality of portions, each of said plurality of circuit portions being arranged between a first voltage level source and a second voltage level source, said first and second voltage level sources being adapted to output different voltage levels; said control device being adapted to control power supplied to each of said plurality of circuit portions.

Abstract: An aqueous, viscoelastic fluid gelled with a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) is stabilized and improved with an effective amount of an alkali earth metal oxide alkali earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides transition metal oxides, transition metal hydroxides, post-transition metal oxides, and post-transition metal hydroxides. These fluids are more stable and have a reduced or no tendency to precipitate, particularly at elevated temperatures. The additives may reduce the amount of VES required to maintain a given viscosity. These stabilized, enhanced, aqueous viscoelastic fluids may be used as treatment fluids for subterranean hydrocarbon formations, such as in hydraulic fracturing. The particle size of the magnesium oxide or other agent may be nanometer scale, which scale may provide unique particle charges that use chemisorption, crosslinking and/or other chemistries to associate and stabilize the VES fluids.

Abstract: Fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their viscosities reduced (gels broken) by the direct or indirect action of a breaker composition that contains at least one mineral oil, at least one polyalphaolefin oil, and/or at least one saturated fatty acid. The breaker may initially be dispersed oil droplets in an internal, discontinuous phase of the fluid. In one non-limiting embodiment, the breaker, e.g. mineral oil is added to the fluid after it has been substantially gelled. The breaking composition is believed to act possibly by rearranging, disaggregating or otherwise attacking the micellar structure of the VES-gelled fluid in a non-spontaneous, rate controlled manner at elevated fluid temperatures. In a specific, non-limiting instance, a brine fluid gelled with an amine oxide surfactant can have its viscosity broken with a light, low viscosity paraffinic mineral oil.

Abstract: An aqueous, viscoelastic fluid gelled with a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) is stabilized and improved with an effective amount of an alkali earth metal oxide and/or alkali earth metal hydroxide. These fluids are more stable and have reduced or no tendency to precipitate, particularly at elevated temperatures. The additives may also increase viscosity to the point where less VES is required to maintain a given viscosity. These stabilized, enhanced, aqueous viscoelastic fluids may be used as treatment fluids for subterranean hydrocarbon formations, such as in hydraulic fracturing.