Abstract: A network component useful in tracking write activity by writing logs containing write address information is described. The tracking component may be used in networked systems employing data mirrors to record data block addresses written to a primary storage volume during the time a data mirror is unavailable. The tracking component can be available to any network originating node, and may therefore track write activity on multiple volumes. At the time a data mirror is reconstructed, the log written may be used to construct a list of block addresses pointing to locations on a primary storage volume wherein data differs from a secondary storage volume member of the mirror. The locations maybe copied from the primary to secondary storage volume to reconstruct the data mirror. The performance impact of the tracking component is minimal and a shared network resource is offered that increases fault tolerance in the event of backup device failures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for data synchronization. A first identifier is determined for a portion of data at a first source. A second identifier is determined for a portion of corresponding data at a second source. The first and second identifiers are compared. When the first and second identifiers do not match, the portion of corresponding data at the second source is replaced with the portion of data at the first source.

Abstract: A method to adjust the data transfer rate for one of (N) primary backup appliances. The method forms by a first primary backup appliance at least one consistent transactions set. The first primary backup appliance receives the (n)th status signal, and the (n+1)th status signal from each of the other (N?1) primary backup appliances. The method calculates the (n)th effective bandwidth for each of the (N) primary backup appliances, the (n)th time to complete for each of the (N) primary backup appliances, and the (n)th effective aggregate bandwidth for all (N) primary appliances. If the (n)th time to complete for the first primary backup appliance is greater than the (n)th time to complete for each of the other (N?1) primary backup appliances, then the method provides at least one consistent transactions set from the first primary backup appliance to a first secondary backup appliance with no delay.

Abstract: A method to select a captain control node from a plurality of interconnected control nodes is disclosed. The method provides by each of the plurality of control nodes a first signal to each of the other control nodes, and then receives by each of the plurality of control nodes, a response signal from each of the other control nodes. The method then calculates by each of the plurality of control nodes individual response times for each of the other control nodes, and determines by each control node its aggregate response time. The method then determines whether to select a captain control node using the aggregate response times. If the captain control node is selected using the aggregate response times, then the method then determines the minimum aggregate response time, and designates the control node having that minimum aggregate response time the captain control node.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a method, and a computer program product to optimize the overall latency of transferring data from peer computers to storage devices. The latency optimization occurs after a group of data is received and organized by the peer computers. The average amount of time to transfer data to each particular storage device from the peer computers is used to determine the assignment of data transfers between the peer computers. Each peer computer maintains continuously updated measurements of the average time to transfer data to each storage device. The updated transfer time measurements are based upon a moving average with adjustable weighting of past and present measurements enabling the system to adapt to changing conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a method, and a computer program product to provide for the optimization of the output transfer load balance between the peer computers transferring data to one or more storage devices. The peer computers receive, organize and transfer the data to storage devices. The data set is composed of a plurality of data transfers. After an initial division of the data transfers between the two peers, each peer will have assigned responsibility for a number of data transfers. If the one of the peer computers completes offloading transactions earlier than the other peer, then the peer that is still transferring data will employ the other peer to execute a portion of the remaining data transfers. The operation of the system is symmetrical in that either peer may assist the other peer depending upon which peer has idle time.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system, a method, and a computer program product to efficiently create consistent transaction sets to maintain one or more copies of data at different data storage sites. All transactions sent to a primary backup appliance during a consistent transaction set creation interval are formed into a consistent transaction set by efficiently adding new transactions as they are received and removing unnecessary transfers as newer versions arrive. When the creation interval has expired, the complete consistent transaction set is transferred to a secondary backup appliance to be used to update a consistent backup copy of the primary site data. For each consistent transaction set, there will be a tree data structure (a search tree) created that contains the addressing information for all of the blocks of data in the consistent transaction set.

Abstract: A data transfer system transfers data between a smartcard and a reader by transmitting a series of binary pulses, where the absence or presence of single predetermined pulses within the series communicate the data bits. By providing a function mode switch on the card, it may be used both for both private transactions and authorizations at a distance.

Abstract: A magnetographic imaging member is provided which includes a photoconductive layer sandwiched between a transparent conductive substrate and an overcoating of magnetic particles dispersed in a dielectric material. A magnetic latent image is formed in the member by first producing an electrostatic latent image on the premagnetized dielectric coating and developing it with a thermal radiation reflective toner. The surface is then subjected to thermal radiation which demagnetizes the pigment in the overcoating by raising it to a temperature above its Curie point except in the areas where the developed electrostatic image reflects the heat. The latent magnetic image can be repetitively developed with magnetic toner.