Abstract: A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are disclosed generally for the conversion of hydrocarbons. By the use of at least one high temperature calcination under dry conditions, a catalyst with a beneficial combination of lowered surface area and excellent piece crush is created. X-ray diffraction pattern information is used to distinguish the resulting product.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst, the catalyst itself, and a process for using the catalyst are disclosed generally for the conversion of hydrocarbons. By the use of at least one high temperature calcination under substantially dry conditions, a catalyst with a beneficial combination of lowered surface area and excellent piece crush is created. X-ray diffraction pattern information is used to distinguish the resulting product.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is catalytically reformed in a sequence comprising a continuous-reforming zone, consisting essentially of a moving-bed catalytic reforming zone and continuous regeneration of catalyst particles, and a zeolitic-reforming zone containing a catalyst comprising a platinum-group metal and a nonacidic zeolite. The process combination permits higher severity, higher aromatics yields and/or increased throughput in the continuous-reforming zone, thus showing surprising benefits over prior-art processes, and is particularly useful in upgrading existing moving-bed reforming facilities with continuous catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: The feedstock to an aromatization process is processed by a selective adsorption step to remove hydrocarbon species, particularly indan, which have a severe adverse effect on aromatization catalyst stability. The feedstock preferably is a paraffinic raffinate from aromatics extraction. The intermediate from the adsorption step is particularly suitable for the selective conversion of paraffins to aromatics using a high-activity dehydrocyclization catalyst with high aromatics yields and long catalyst life.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is catalytically reformed in a sequence comprising a continuous-reforming zone, consisting essentially of a moving-bed catalytic reforming zone and continuous regeneration of catalyst particles, and a zeolitic-reforming zone containing a catalyst comprising a platinum-group metal and a nonacidic zeolite. The process combination permits higher severity, higher aromatics yields and/or increased throughput in the continuous-reforming zone, thus showing surprising benefits over prior-art processes, and is particularly useful in upgrading existing moving-bed reforming facilities with continuous catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha in a manner to obtain an aromatics-rich, low-olefin product from the combination. Preferably the naphtha is subjected to aromatization to obtain an aromatics concentrate which is upgraded by hydrogenation of olefins in the aromatics-rich stream. Olefin saturation is effected following separation of the major portion of hydrogen from the aromatics concentrate and before fractionation/stabilization for removal of light ends, with concomitant low saturation of aromatics and with removal of light ends in a fractionator which would be associated with the aromatization in any case.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the removal of impurities comprising phenolics, dextrans or amino nitrogen from an aqueous saccharide solution. The solution is contacted with a sorbent, which itself is also an embodiment of the invention, comprising a cationic nitrogenous surfactant, the molecules of which contain at least one alkyl group of at least 8 carbon atoms, deposited on the surface of a microporous hydrophobic polymeric support. The deposition is accomplished by contacting a solution of the surfactant in an appropriate solvent with the support. The impurities are adsorbed onto the sorbent and the aqueous saccharide solution is removed from contact with the sorbent. The solvent must be completely miscible with the saccharide solution and the solution of the surfactant in the solvent must have a maximum sorbent wetting rate of at least 100 g/m.sup.2.min., and a sorbent bed retention of at least 140%, based on the bed interstitial volume.

Abstract: A process for the removal of impurities comprising amides from a solution comprising nitriles and the impurities. A reaction mixture is formed which includes the solution, a layered mineral comprising aluminum silicates having exchangeable alkaline or alkaline earth cations on the surfaces of the layers and an acid which has an acid strength sufficient to protonate the amides at amide protonation conditions, but in which the solubility of the salt of the acid and exchangeable cation at those conditions is such that the equilibrium of the protonation reaction is substantially in the direction of the amides remaining in a protonated form. The water content of the reaction mixture must be less than about 0.5 wt. % for substantially all of the reaction time. The reaction mixture is maintained for a sufficient time at the amide protonation conditions for protonation of the amides and exchange of the protonated amides and exchangeable cations to occur, the protonated amides adhering to the surfaces of the layers.