Abstract: The invention provides methods of oxidizing, sanitizing, disinfecting, and/or sterilizing a target. The method includes: ejecting a gas stream of a gaseous mixture comprising 50 to 30,000 ppmv chlorine dioxide from a gas source at a velocity of 25 to 900 ft/sec; and contacting the gas stream with the target. A device for oxidizing, sanitizing, disinfecting, and/or sterilizing a target is also provided. The device includes: a chlorine dioxide inlet configured for intake of a gaseous mixture comprising 50 to 30,000 ppmv chlorine dioxide; and a gas source configured to eject a gas stream of the gaseous mixture at a velocity of 50 to 900 ft/sec.

Abstract: A method for gas phase application of chlorine dioxide within an enclosed volume that includes the steps of: climatizing the enclosed volume to achieve a relative humidity (RH) in the range of about 5% to about 56%; generating chlorine dioxide gas; and introducing the chlorine dioxide gas under specified conditions of chlorine dioxide gas concentration and contact time, the specified conditions being effective to eliminate contaminants within the closed volume, and further to mitigate corrosion within the enclosed volume during the gas phase application.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a method of converting an oxy halide salt into a halide dioxide in a reaction zone under certain conditions is provided. More specifically, the method includes generating chlorine dioxide from a stable composition comprising an oxy halide salt by introducing said composition to a reducing agent and minimum temperature within the reaction zone. According to another aspect of the invention, a composition for a stable chlorine dioxide precursor comprising an oxy halide salt is provided.

Abstract: A method for gas phase application of chlorine dioxide within an enclosed volume that includes the steps of: climatizing the enclosed volume to achieve a relative humidity (RH) in the range of about 5% to about 56%; generating chlorine dioxide gas; and introducing the chlorine dioxide gas under specified conditions of chlorine dioxide gas concentration and contact time, the specified conditions being effective to eliminate contaminants within the closed volume, and further to mitigate corrosion within the enclosed volume during the gas phase application.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a method of converting an oxy halide salt into a halide dioxide in a reaction zone under certain conditions is provided. More specifically, the method includes generating chlorine dioxide from a stable composition comprising an oxy halide salt by introducing said composition to a reducing agent and minimum temperature within the reaction zone. According to another aspect of the invention, a composition for a stable chlorine dioxide precursor comprising an oxy halide salt is provided.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a method of converting an oxy halide salt into a halide dioxide in a reaction zone under certain conditions is provided. More specifically, the method includes generating chlorine dioxide from a stable composition comprising an oxy halide salt by introducing said composition to a reducing agent and minimum temperature within the reaction zone. According to another aspect of the invention, a composition for a stable chlorine dioxide precursor comprising an oxy halide salt is provided.

Abstract: A method for gas phase application of chlorine dioxide within an enclosed volume that includes the steps of: climatizing the enclosed volume to achieve a relative humidity (RH) in the range of about 5% to about 56%; generating chlorine dioxide gas; and introducing the chlorine dioxide gas under specified conditions of chlorine dioxide gas concentration and contact time, the specified conditions being effective to eliminate contaminants within the closed volume, and further to mitigate corrosion within the enclosed volume during the gas phase application.

Abstract: A method for gas phase application of chlorine dioxide within an enclosed volume that includes the steps of: climatizing the enclosed volume to achieve a relative humidity (RH) in the range of about 5% to about 56%; generating chlorine dioxide gas; and introducing the chlorine dioxide gas under specified conditions of chlorine dioxide gas concentration and contact time, the specified conditions being effective to eliminate contaminants within the closed volume, and further to mitigate corrosion within the enclosed volume during the gas phase application.

Abstract: In a method for eliminating contaminants in gypsum wallboard that cause noxious sulfide odors, at least one gypsum wallboard surface within an enclosed volume is exposed to chlorine dioxide gas, wherein the chlorine dioxide gas is introduced into the enclosed volume under specified conditions of chlorine dioxide gas concentration and contact time that eliminate the noxious odor-causing contaminants, sulfate reducing or thiophilic bacteria in particular, contained in the gypsum wallboard.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of using chlorine dioxide gas for the fumigation of building spaces, heating ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC, e.g., return supply ducts, heating and cooling coils and the like), vehicles, office spaces, process equipment, files, documents, mail, mail processing equipment, industrial process equipment and consumer related items under safe conditions.

Abstract: An aqueous chlorine dioxide solution which comprises dissolved chlorine dioxide in a concentration of about 10 to 3000 mg/l, pH in the range of about 1 to 6, and a chlorine scavenging means such as sodium chlorite in a ratio in the range of about 1:4 to 1:15 (w/w) sodium chlorite to chlorine dioxide. The chlorine dioxide solution may be stored for use over a period of several days to several months.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for using chlorine dioxide gas (100) for the remediation of mold contaminated building spaces (400), heating ventilation and air conditioning systems, vehicles, office spaces, process equipment, files, documents, mail, mail processing equipment, industrial process equipment and consumer related items under safe conditions.

Abstract: A solid-state chlorine dioxide generator for generating an aqueous solution of ClO2 is formed within a block comprising an eductor for establishing a vacuum pressure and a reaction column for producing ClO2 from precursor chemicals. The eductor has a water stream flowing therethrough which establishes a vacuum pressure and draws the ClO2 from the reaction column into the water stream to form an aqueous ClO2 solution. The reaction chamber comprises a novel transition zone of increasing flow area wherein the precursor chemicals thoroughly mix resulting in conversion efficiencies of precursors into ClO2 of 95% and above.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of using chlorine dioxide gas for the fumigation of building spaces, heating ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC, e.g., return supply ducts, heating and cooling coils and the like), vehicles, office spaces, process equipment, files, documents, mail, mail processing equipment, industrial process equipment and consumer related items under safe conditions.

Abstract: A solid-state chlorine dioxide generator for generating an aqueous solution of ClO2 is formed within a block comprising an eductor for establishing a vacuum pressure and a reaction column for producing ClO2 from precursor chemicals. The eductor has a water stream flowing therethrough which establishes a vacuum pressure and draws the ClO2 from the reaction column into the water stream to form an aqueous ClO2 solution. The reaction chamber comprises a novel transition zone of increasing flow area wherein the precursor chemicals thoroughly mix resulting in conversion efficiencies of precursors into ClO2 of 95% and above.

Abstract: A solid-state chlorine dioxide generator for generating an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is formed within a block and includes (a) an eductor for establishing a vacuum, and (b) a reaction column for producing chlorine dioxide from precursor chemicals. The eductor has a water stream flowing there throughwhich establishes a vacuum and draws the chlorine dioxide from the reaction column into the water stream to form aqueous chlorine dioxide. The reaction column has a transition zone of increasing flow area wherein the precursor chemicals thoroughly mix resulting in conversion efficiencies of precursors into chlorine dioxide of 95% and above.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting a treatment chemical into an oil well produced using a subsurface pump, preferably a subsurface rotary pump, is described. Crude oil is pumped upward from a subsurface oil production zone through a central production pipe in the well. A small portion of produced fluid is diverted through a by-pass line interconnecting the production pipe and the annular space of the well between the production pipe and the well casing. A venturi nozzle comprising a throat of reduced diameter is mounted in the by-pass pipe. A suction pipe interconnects a chemical storage container containing a treatment chemical with the nozzle throat. Under the action of the venturi nozzle a suction pressure is created in the nozzle throat whereby the treatment chemical is drawn through the suction pipe and mixes with the fluid in the by-pass line thereby delivering the chemical to the well annulus.

Abstract: Wastewater lagoons are treated with chlorine oxygen compounds to react with odorous sulfides and mercaptans emanating from the lagoon. A fine spray of an aqueous solution of the chlorine oxygen compound (HOCl, NaClO.sub.2, or NaOCL) is applied over the lagoon. The chlorine oxygen compounds react with the sulfides in the vapor zone above the lagoon, converting the odorous compounds to non-odorous compounds.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of chlorite salts by the controlled reaction of chlorine dioxide with a reducing agent under reduced pressure to form chlorous acid. The chlorous acid is reacted with an aqueous solution of base to form the desired chlorite salt. The process is rapid, economical and is conducted in a generator which is significantly smaller than equipment currently used for production of chlorite salts.

Abstract: Petroleum production, refining, and mining disposable deposits and sediments are treated with an oxidizing agent such as chlorine dioxide and/or particle separation to reduce the mass of disposable materials. The invention has particular application in treating deposits and sediments which contain naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM).