Abstract: A process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a metal salt additive, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity, compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffins hydrocarbons, catalysed by an ionic liquid catalyst, in the presence of a cyclic hydrocarbon additive containing a tertiary carbon atom. The presence of the specific hydrocarbon additives influences the reaction mechanism by increasing the selectivity towards the formation of paraffin hydrocarbons with a higher degree of branching.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a Brønsted Acid, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffins hydrocarbons, catalysed by an ionic liquid catalyst, in the presence of a cyclic hydrocarbon additive containing a tertiary carbon atom. The presence of the specific hydrocarbon additives influences the reaction mechanism by increasing the selectivity towards the formation of paraffin hydrocarbons with a higher degree of branching.

Abstract: This patent presents a two-stage process for production of high-octane gasoline from a hydrocarbon stream comprising C4-C12 hydrocarbon mixtures of paraffins, optionally including cycloalkanes, aromatics and olefins. During the first step linear molecules are activated and converted predominantly to mono-branched isomers. Present cyclic molecules and olefins are hydrogenated, but conversion must be sufficiently low to avoid ring opening. Only such (low) amount of multi-branched isomers is formed in the first reaction zone that extent of cracking is still acceptable. Concentration of multi-branched isomers is consecutively increased in the second step. Reaction of mono-branched isomers requires lower activation energy than cracking and isomerisation of linear molecules. Monomethyl-paraffins readily react to their multi-branched counterparts with a high selectivity under mild reaction conditions with catalysts having a Hammet acidity value lower than −10 at temperature of maximum 100° C.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a metal salt additive, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity, compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of paraffin hydrocarbon feed stock via skeletal isomerisation by contacting this feed with a catalyst comprised of an ionic liquid formed from an N-containing heterocyclic and/or N-containing aliphatic organic cation and an inorganic anion derived from metal halides.

Abstract: A method for hydrolysis of a sulphonic acid ester in a hydrocarbon substrate by aqueous extraction of the hydrocarbon substrate, comprising steps of contacting the hydrocarbon substrate with an aqueous phase containing an ammonia salt, thereby hydrolyzing the sulphonic acid ester to the corresponding sulphonic acid; and recovering the sulphonic acid by separating the aqueous phase from the hydrocarbon substrate.

Abstract: Preparation of fluorinated alkyl sulphonyl halides having the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.I.sub.f is fluorinated alkyl group and R.sup.II.sub.f is a fluorinated alkyl group or fluorine, X is a halogen atom, and Y is a proton, a halogen atom, or a fluorinated alkyl groups, by reaction of a corresponding fluorinated unsaturated hydrocarbon with sulphuryl halide, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least catalytic amounts of a fluoride in a solvent comprising compounds having one or more SO and/or SO.sub.2 groups incorporated in the compound structure.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a fluorinated sulphonic acid compound by hydrolysis of a corresponding fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride in the presence of a tertiary amine, comprising steps of(a) recovering a mixture of a salt of the fluorinated sulphonic acid with the tertiary amine and an ammonium fluoride salt of the tertiary amine;(b) distilling off the tertiary ammonium fluoride salt and leaving a distillation remanence containing the salt of the fluorinated sulphonic acid with the tertiary amine; and(c) recovering the fluorinated sulphonic acid compound from the distillation remanence.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a fluorinated sulphonic acid compound by hydrolysis of a corresponding fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride, wherein the hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a tertiary amine, comprising steps of recovering a mixture of a salt of hydrolysed fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride with the tertiary amine and an ammonium fluoride salt of the tertiary amine;reacting the salt mixture with a sulphonyl compound of the general formula R--SO.sub.2 X, whereinR=an alkyl group, Cl, F;andX=Br, Clthereby exchanging fluoride of the ammonium fluoride salt in the mixture with the X atom of the sulphonyl compound and converting the sulphonyl compound to a sulphonyl fluoride; anddistilling off the sulphonyl fluoride from the reacted salt mixture.