Abstract: A method for cortical mapping includes utilizing subdural electrodes as selectable stimulus points in a closed loop system of cortical mapping based on electromyographic detection events. A system for cortical mapping includes a plurality of subdural electrodes formed as a grid, a cortical stimulator for stimulating individual pairs of the plurality of subdural electrodes, and an electromyograph for detecting reaction to the stimulating. The system may include a controller structured for associating the reaction with one of the individual pairs of the plurality of subdural electrodes. The system and method allow quick and accurate functional mapping of an area of the brain, automatic mapping, and essentially realtime feedback for a probe localization process. Use of the system and method provides intraoperative functional localization while reducing a possibility of adverse effects to the patient.

Abstract: Heat-removal method and apparatus for treatment of movement disorder episodes; more specifically, a device and method for intracranially suppressing movement disorder episodes upon the detection of physiological symptoms. The device includes a temperature-contact implanted at a targeted portion in the brain which is determined to be associated with such episodes and connection to an implanted heat-transfer operator, typically a Peltier cooler or a thermal-electric cooler. Heat transfer from the temperature-contact to the heat-transfer operator cools the targeted portion and suppresses the movement disorder episode. Such heat transfer is performed upon the sensing of symptoms which normally preface episodes. The symptoms can be sensed intracranially by sensing-contacts, on the skin by a sensor or by a person or animal. Alternatively, heat removal (cooling) can be performed without sensing symptoms to prevent episodes when the patient is particularly sensitive to, or in danger from, episodes.

Abstract: Heat-removal method and apparatus for treatment of movement disorder episodes; more specifically, a device and method for intracranially suppressing movement disorder episodes upon the detection of physiological symptoms. The device includes a temperature-contact implanted at a targeted portion in the brain which is determined to be associated with such episodes and connection to an implanted heat-transfer operator, typically a Peltier cooler or a thermal-electric cooler. Heat transfer from the temperature-contact to the heat-transfer operator cools the targeted portion and suppresses the movement disorder episode. Such heat transfer is performed upon the sensing of symptoms which normally preface episodes. The symptoms can be sensed intracranially by sensing-contacts, on the skin by a sensor or by a person or animal. Alternatively, heat removal (cooling) can be performed without sensing symptoms to prevent episodes when the patient is particularly sensitive to, or in danger from, episodes.