Abstract: The present disclosure relates to techniques for virus subtyping using k-mer hashing. Reference sets of hashed k-mers are obtained, each corresponding to a virus strain of a plurality of subtypes, with each reference set generated by applying a hash function to k-mers and storing each hashed k-mer as a digital key or index. One or more query sequences comprising viral nucleotide sequence data from a test sample are obtained, and for each query sequence, a test set of hashed k-mers is generated using the same hash function. Each test set is compared to each reference set to produce a k-mer matching score for each reference set. A query identity for the test sample is determined with respect to each virus strain based on the comparison. An assigned subtype for the test sample is determined based on the k-mer matching scores and/or the query identities using one or more decision rules.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inhaled dry powder formulation containing a combination of fosfomycin salt and tobramycin-leucine compound particles. The use of such formulation for the treatment of patients who have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and who are experiencing or at risk of experiencing acute exacerbation, as well as patients who have other bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, particularly the lower respiratory tract, and methods for treating the same are also provided.

Abstract: Systems comprising a pressurized delivery device and a formulation of cyclosporine coupled to an exhalation filter or trap that is capable of preventing cyclosporine from escaping into the local environment are provided. An apparatus for use in the system comprises either an exhalation filter and a pressurized delivery device, wherein the exhalation filter is capable of providing high filter efficiency and maintaining low filter resistance after usage with the formulation, or a trap which provides a means for expired gas to be released into a solvent chamber containing a solvent with a high affinity for cyclosporine. These systems may be used to treat patients with pulmonary disorders, organ transplant patients such as lung transplant patients, and other immune-related disorders.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a vibration-activated musical toy and methods for operating a vibration-activated musical toy. In one exemplary embodiment, a vibration-activated musical toy is described in which two separate modules are independently moved, shaken, struck, or otherwise manipulated in a particular order and in a particular rhythm to play a song. Related embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A musical toy, which includes several housing members having musical device elements arranged within the housing members. Each of the musical devices have, among other things a power supply and controlling switch. The musical device may include at least two musical chips. Each of the musical chips is provided within a different housing of the toy. The musical chips are connected electrically with power supply and a switch.