Abstract: An electric load system and method for a vehicle includes an electric load, electric devices, an electrically driven element operating in an operating state, an electric load detector to measure an electric load generated by the electric devices, and an electric control unit communicating with the electric load detector and the electrically driven element to determine an electric load of the electric load system. The method includes estimating an electric load of the electrically driven element based on an operating state of the electrically driven element via the electric control unit and adding the electric load from the electrically driven element to an electric load measured by the electric load detector.

Abstract: An electric load system and method for a vehicle includes an electric load, electric devices, an electrically driven element operating in an operating state, an electric load detector to measure an electric load generated by the electric devices, and an electric control unit communicating with the electric load detector and the electrically driven element to determine an electric load of the electric load system. The method includes estimating an electric load of the electrically driven element based on an operating state of the electrically driven element via the electric control unit and adding the electric load from the electrically driven element to an electric load measured by the electric load detector.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine detects a central value of an output from a first exhaust gas component concentration sensor arranged in an exhaust passage at a location upstream of a catalytic converter and having an output characteristic which is substantially proportional to the concentration of a component in the exhaust gases. The central value is corrected based on the output from the first exhaust gas component concentration sensor, when an output from a second exhaust gas concentration sensor arranged downstream of the catalytic converter falls within a predetermined range. The output from the first exhaust gas component concentration sensor is corrected based on the corrected central value. An air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine is corrected based on the corrected output value from the first exhaust gas component concentration sensor.