Abstract: Systems and methods for improving identification of issues associated with detecting anomalous conditions (e.g., electrical transient voltages) in electrical systems are disclosed herein. The anomalous conditions may be difficult to discern, for example, due to metering constraints of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) responsible for identifying the anomalous conditions in the electrical systems. In one aspect of this disclosure, a method to automatically identify metering constraints of one or more IEDs in an electrical system includes capturing at least one energy-related waveform using at least one of the IEDs in the electrical system, and processing electrical measurement data from, or derived from, the at least one energy-related waveform to identify anomalous characteristics in the electrical system. The anomalous characteristics may be indicative of an anomalous condition in the electrical system, for example.

Abstract: Systems and methods for simultaneously analyzing time-series and dominant frequency data from both a process domain and an electrical domain of a facility, such as an industrial plant, to detect instances of deviation from optimal, normal, or other predefined process conditions or electrical trips. Detecting when changes in frequencies occur in the time-series data creates a time-series of the changes in dominant frequencies. A data analysis server detects instances of deviation from the predefined process conditions or electrical trips by detecting one or more of correlations, patterns, clusters, and the like in the rates of change. The data analysis server employs one or more of statistical analyses, data mining, machine learning, deep neural networks, parallel coordinate analyses, etc. to identify the deviations and predict or detect onset of an undesired event such as a process perturbation or electrical trip.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing alarm nuisance behaviors in an electrical system are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method for reducing alarm nuisance behaviors includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured or derived by at least one intelligent electronic device in the electrical system to identify events in the electrical system, and alarms triggered in response to the identified events and/or other events in or related to the electrical system. Information related to at least the identified events and the identified alarms may be aggregated, and the aggregated information may be analyzed to identify at least one alarm nuisance behavior. At least one action may be taken or performed based on or in response to the at least one identified alarm nuisance behavior.

Abstract: A heater and/or a reactor system having a conductive medium and a conductor adjacent to the conductive medium is described. The system has a source of electrical energy coupled to the conductor to provide electrical energy and create a magnetic field around the conductive medium. The system produces an eddy current that heats the conductive medium. Also described are methods of heating using the heater and/or a reactor system.

Abstract: A method for characterizing power quality events in an electrical system includes deriving electrical measurement data for at least one first virtual meter in an electrical system from (a) electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one first IED in the electrical system, and (b) electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one second IED in the electrical system. In embodiments, the at least one first IED is installed at a first metering point in the electrical system, the at least one second IED is installed at a second metering point in the electrical system, and the at least one first virtual meter is derived or located at a third metering point in the electrical system. The derived electrical measurement data may be used to generate or update a dynamic tolerance curve associated with the third metering point.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method to automatically identify metering constraints of one or more IEDs in an electrical system, which include capturing at least one energy-related waveform using at least one of the IEDs in the electrical system, and processing electrical measurement data from, or derived from, the at least one energy-related waveform to identify anomalous characteristics in the electrical system. In response to identifying anomalous characteristics in the electrical measurement data, an event constraint model is built based on or by using the identified anomalous characteristics. Once built, the event constraint model is analyzed to determine if the at least one energy-related waveform is being adequately captured by the at least one of the IEDs. In response to determining the at least one energy-related waveform is not adequately captured, one or more actions may be taken to address the capturing inadequacy.

Abstract: A method for automatically assessing event recovery in an electrical system includes processing energy-related data from or derived from at least one energy-related signal captured by at least one Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) in the electrical system to identify at least one occurrence of an event in the electrical system. In accordance with some embodiments of this disclosure, the energy-related data associated with the at least one identified event occurrence may be analyzed to determine impact of the event on loads and/or zones associated with the electrical system, and whether recovery from the event has been initiated or started for at least one of the loads and/or zones impacted by the event. At least one load, load type, and/or zone recovering from the event and a recovery profile for the at least one load, load type, and/or zone may be determined.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing event recovery information and data in an electrical system are disclosed herein. In one example implementation, a method for providing event recovery information and data in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signal(s) captured or derived by at least one Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) in the electrical system to identify at least one event in the electrical system. The method also includes determining whether the electrical system is impacted by the at least one identified event, and in response to determining the electrical system is impacted by the at least one identified event, analyzing one or more characteristics related to the determined impact. At least one of recovery metric(s) and status(es) related to the analysis of the one or more impact characteristics may be presented on the at least one IED and/or on a display of at least one device in communication with the at least one IED.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for direct electrical heating of process heaters tubes (e.g., reactor tubes) using galvanic isolation techniques. The disclosure is also directed to systems and methods for direct electrical heating of process heaters tubes wherein the tubes are galvanically isolated in such a manner as to avoid the use of electrical insulation of the tube from the rest of the system, such as the other tubes, the tube inlet header and/or the tube outlet header, and the reactor shell.

Abstract: A method for characterizing power quality events in an electrical system includes deriving electrical measurement data for at least one first virtual meter in an electrical system from (a) electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one first IED in the electrical system, and (b) electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one second IED in the electrical system. In embodiments, the at least one first IED is installed at a first metering point in the electrical system, the at least one second IED is installed at a second metering point in the electrical system, and the at least one first virtual meter is derived or located at a third metering point in the electrical system. The derived electrical measurement data may be used to generate or update a dynamic tolerance curve associated with the third metering point.

Abstract: A method for analyzing effects of electrical perturbations on equipment in an electrical system includes processing energy-related signals from at least one intelligent electronic device in the electrical system to identify an electrical perturbation in the electrical system. An end time of the electrical perturbation may be determined, and electrical measurement data from prior to, during and/or after the end time of the electrical perturbation may be analyzed to identify and quantify the effects of the electrical perturbation on equipment in the electrical system. The effects may include, for example, equipment restarts/re-energizations due to the electrical perturbation. One or more actions may be taken or performed to reduce the effects of the electrical perturbation and extend the life of the equipment. The actions may include, for example, at least one of communicating the equipment restarts/re-energizations and controlling at least one component in the electrical system.

Abstract: A method for reducing and/or managing energy-related stress in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one intelligent electronic device (IED) in the electrical system to identify and track at least one energy-related transient in the electrical system. An impact of the at least one energy-related transient on equipment in the electrical system is quantified, and one or more transient-related alarms are generated in response to the impact of the at least one energy-related transient being near, within or above a predetermined range of the stress tolerance of the equipment. The transient-related alarms are prioritized based in part on at least one of the stress tolerance of the equipment, the stress associated with one or more transient events, and accumulated energy-related stress on the equipment.

Abstract: In a method and system, voltage and/or current signals on an electrical/power system is monitored. A power event is identified from the monitored voltage and/or current signals. In response to event identification, waveforms of the monitored voltage and/or current signals are captured. Energy-related signals are calculated and extracted from pre-event measurements, event measurements and post-event measurements using the captured waveforms. Additional information associated with the event is identified and calculated by comparing (a) the calculated and used energy-related signals from pre-event measurements, with (b) the calculated and used energy-related signals from post-event measurements.

Abstract: A method for monitoring energy-related data in an electrical system includes processing energy-related data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one intelligent electronic device in the electrical system to identify at least one variation/change in the energy-related signals. The method also includes determining if the at least one identified variation/change meets a prescribed threshold or thresholds, and in response to the at least one identified variation/change meeting the prescribed threshold or thresholds, characterizing and/or quantifying the at least one identified variation/change.

Abstract: A method for analyzing power quality events in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one of a plurality of metering devices in the electrical system to generate or update a plurality of dynamic tolerance curves. Each of the plurality of dynamic tolerance curves characterizes a response characteristic of the electrical system at a respective metering point of a plurality of metering points in the electrical system. Power quality data from the plurality of dynamic tolerance curves is selectively aggregated to analyze power quality events in the electrical system.

Abstract: A method to automatically optimize waveform captures from an electrical system includes capturing at least one energy-related waveform using at least one Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) in the electrical system. The at least one captured energy-related waveform is analyzed to determine if the at least one captured energy-related waveform is capable of being compressed, while maintaining relevant attributes for characterization, analysis and/or other use. In response to determining the at least one captured energy-related waveform is capable of being compressed, while maintaining relevant attributes for characterization, analysis, and/or use, the at least one captured energy-related waveform may be compressed using at least one compression technique to generate at least one compressed energy-related waveform. One or more actions may be taken based on or using the at least one compressed energy-related waveform.

Abstract: A method for automatically identifying, analyzing and reducing extraneous waveform captures (WFCs) includes capturing at least one energy-related waveform in an electrical system using at least one waveform capture device. The at least one captured energy-related waveform is analyzed to determine whether the at least one captured energy-related waveform meets the criteria of being considered an extraneous WFC, a partially extraneous WFC, a redundant WFC, or a provisional WFC. In accordance with some embodiments of this disclosure, one or more actions are performed in response to determining the at least one captured energy-related waveform meets the criteria of being considered an extraneous WFC, a partially extraneous WFC, a redundant WFC, or a provisional WFC.

Abstract: A method for reducing and/or managing energy-related stress in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one intelligent electronic device (IED) in the electrical system to identify and track at least one energy-related transient in the electrical system. An impact of the at least one energy-related transient on equipment in the electrical system is quantified, and one or more transient-related alarms are generated in response to the impact of the at least one energy-related transient being near, within or above a predetermined range of the stress tolerance of the equipment. The transient-related alarms are prioritized based in part on at least one of the stress tolerance of the equipment, the stress associated with one or more transient events, and accumulated energy-related stress on the equipment.

Abstract: A method for reducing and/or managing energy-related stress in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one intelligent electronic device (IED) in the electrical system to identify and track at least one energy-related transient in the electrical system. An impact of the at least one energy-related transient on equipment in the electrical system is quantified, and one or more transient-related alarms are generated in response to the impact of the at least one energy-related transient being near, within or above a predetermined range of the stress tolerance of the equipment. The transient-related alarms are prioritized based in part on at least one of the stress tolerance of the equipment, the stress associated with one or more transient events, and accumulated energy-related stress on the equipment.

Abstract: A method for analyzing power quality events in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one metering device in the electrical system to generate at least one dynamic tolerance curve. Each dynamic tolerance curve of the at least one dynamic tolerance curve characterizes a response characteristic of the electrical system at a respective metering point in the electrical system. The method also includes analyzing the at least one dynamic tolerance curve to identify special cases which require further evaluation(s)/clarification to be discernable and/or actionable. The at least one dynamic tolerance curve may be regenerated or updated, and/or new or additional dynamic tolerance curves may be generated, to provide the further clarification. One or more actions affecting at least one component in the electrical system may be performed in response to an analysis of the curve(s).