Abstract: In one aspect the invention is a method for decoding. The method includes receiving encoded data and decoding the encoded data using a noise-adaptive decoder. The data may include first-order Reed-Mueller (FORM) based codes. The data may be based on Complementary Code Keying. Using a noise-adaptive decoder may include determining values of a hard decision based on a first decoding process and discarding the values of the hard decision if a noise sensitivity parameter is above a threshold value. The method may further include using a second decoder process if the noise sensitivity parameter is above the threshold value.

Abstract: Methods, systems, devices, and computer program products for decoding of Walsh codewords are disclosed.

Abstract: In one aspect the invention is a method for sequence estimating. The method includes receiving convolutional codes. The method further includes using a lazy Viterbi decoder to decode the convolutional codes. The convolutional codes may be stream convolutional codes. The convolutional codes may also be block convolutional codes. The lazy Viterbi decoder may be used in a software radio environment.

Abstract: In one aspect the invention is a method for sequence estimating. The method includes receiving convolutional codes. The method further includes using a lazy Viterbi decoder to decode the convolutional codes. The convolutional codes may be stream convolutional codes. The convolutional codes may also be block convolutional codes. The lazy Viterbi decoder may be used in a software radio environment.

Abstract: In one aspect the invention is a method for sequence estimating. The method includes generating a dynamic programming table, which represents a trellis. The trellis includes a set of time steps, which have a set of states. The trellis also includes a number of branches that connect the states. The method also includes expanding a search along the branches having a least accumulated error, inserting a pointer into a priority queue, where the pointer indicates an end of a partially completed path within the trellis, searching other branches when the accumulated error is no longer the least accumulated error, and continuing the search until the time step equals a current time.

Abstract: In one aspect the invention is a method for sequence estimating. The method includes receiving convolutional codes. The method further includes using a lazy Viterbi decoder to decode the convolutional codes. The convolutional codes may be stream convolutional codes. The convolutional codes may also be block convolutional codes. The lazy Viterbi decoder may be used in a software radio environment.

Abstract: In one aspect the invention is a method for decoding. The method includes receiving encoded data and decoding the encoded data using a noise-adaptive decoder. The data may include first-order Reed-Mueller (FORM) based codes. The data may be based on Complementary Code Keying. Using a noise-adaptive decoder may include determining values of a hard decision based on a first decoding process and discarding the values of the hard decision if a noise sensitivity parameter is above a threshold value. The method may further include using a second decoder process if the noise sensitivity parameter is above the threshold value.

Abstract: In one aspect the invention is a method for sequence estimating. The method includes generating a dynamic programming table, which represents a trellis. The trellis includes a set of time steps, which have a set of states. The trellis also includes a number of branches that connect the states. The method also includes expanding a search along the branches having a least accumulated error, inserting a pointer into a priority queue, where the pointer indicates an end of a partially completed path within the trellis, searching other branches when the accumulated error is no longer the least accumulated error, and continuing the search until the time step equals a current time.

Abstract: A single-piece nipple to fit various sized beverage containers. The nipple fits over and seals to the top of standard water, juice, or soda containers that are available in supermarkets and other stores. The nipple enables children to drink directly from these containers without having to transfer the liquid to a bottle that is specially designed for children. The nipple includes a protuberance that is supported by a flexible base that has a wall for placement around a container mouthpiece. An aperture extends from the wall out through the protuberance creating a passage for liquid to flow from the container into the child's mouth. An attachment portion extends inwardly from the wall to seal the base to the mouthpiece of the container.