Abstract: A location data structure represents a location in a number of different ways, and may include a map view scale appropriate for rending the map. A map view data structure contains sufficient information to derive a number of independent descriptions of a map view. A route data structure may be used at any point in the route calculation and rendering process, and includes a locations field that includes the two-end points of the route, a calculated route data field representing a calculated route between the two end-points, an options field that specifies the options used or to be used to calculate the route, a driving directions field that represents driving directions for the route, and an identity data field that specifies whether the route data structure is a request to calculate a route, a response to a route calculation request, or a rendering request.

Abstract: Machine instructions comprising a bootstrap code are buried within a critical component of an electronic game console where they cannot readily be accessed or modified. A preloader portion in a read only memory (ROM) is hashed by the bootstrap code and the result is compared to an expected hash value maintained in the bootstrap code. Further verification of the boot-up process is carried out by the preloader, which hashes the code in ROM to obtain a hash value for the code. The result is verified against a digital signature value that defines an expected value for this hash. Failure to obtain any expected result terminates the boot-up process. Since the bootstrap code confirms the preloader, and the preloader confirms the remainder of the code in ROM, this technique is useful for ensuring that the code used for booting up the device has not been modified or replaced.