Abstract: A method of assembling an adjustable fluid-filled lens assembly comprising biaxially tensioning an elastomeric membrane to a surface tension of greater than 180 N/m, typically greater than 1000 N/m; thermally conditioning the tensioned membrane, e.g., for one hour at a temperature of about 80° C., to accelerate relaxation of the membrane; mounting the membrane to a peripheral support structure whilst maintaining the tension in the membrane; assembling the mounted membrane with one or more other components to form an enclosure with the membrane forming one wall of the enclosure; and thereafter filling the enclosure with a fluid. The membrane may be formed from an aromatic polyurethane, and the fluid may be a phenylated siloxane. In some embodiments, the membrane is able to hold a substantially constant surface tension of at least 180 N/m for a period of at least 12 months.

Abstract: A method of assembling an adjustable fluid-filled lens assembly comprising biaxially tensioning an elastomeric membrane to a surface tension of greater than 180 N/m, typically greater than 1000 N/m; thermally conditioning the tensioned membrane, e.g., for one hour at a temperature of about 80° C., to accelerate relaxation of the membrane; mounting the membrane to a peripheral support structure whilst maintaining the tension in the membrane; assembling the mounted membrane with one or more other components to form an enclosure with the membrane forming one wall of the enclosure; and thereafter filling the enclosure with a fluid. The membrane may be formed from an aromatic polyurethane, and the fluid may be a phenylated siloxane. In some embodiments, the membrane is able to hold a substantially constant surface tension of at least 180 N/m for a period of at least 12 months.

Abstract: A method of assembling an adjustable fluid-filled lens assembly comprising biaxially tensioning an elastomeric membrane to a surface tension of greater than 180 N/m, typically greater than 1000 N/m; thermally conditioning the tensioned membrane, e.g., for one hour at a temperature of about 80° C., to accelerate relaxation of the membrane; mounting the membrane to a peripheral support structure whilst maintaining the tension in the membrane; assembling the mounted membrane with one or more other components to form an enclosure with the membrane forming one wall of the enclosure; and thereafter filling the enclosure with a fluid. The membrane may be formed from an aromatic polyurethane, and the fluid may be a phenylated siloxane. In some embodiments, the membrane is able to hold a substantially constant surface tension of at least 180 N/m for a period of at least 12 months.

Abstract: A method of assembling an adjustable fluid-filled lens assembly comprising biaxially tensioning an elastomeric membrane to a surface tension of greater than 180 N/m, typically greater than 1000 N/m; thermally conditioning the tensioned membrane, e.g., for one hour at a temperature of about 80° C., to accelerate relaxation of the membrane; mounting the membrane to a peripheral support structure whilst maintaining the tension in the membrane; assembling the mounted membrane with one or more other components to form an enclosure with the membrane forming one wall of the enclosure; and thereafter filling the enclosure with a fluid. The membrane may be formed from an aromatic polyurethane, and the fluid may be a phenylated siloxane. In some embodiments, the membrane is able to hold a substantially constant surface tension of at least 180 N/m for a period of at least 12 months.

Abstract: A deformable membrane assembly comprises a deformable membrane (70) in contact with a body of fluid (90) and a selectively operable adjuster for adjusting the pressure of the fluid (90) for causing distension of the membrane (70) in accordance with a predefined form. The membrane is held peripherally by a bendable supporting member (50) that is coupled to a fixed support by at least three engaging members (82) at spaced locations round the supporting member (50). An engaging member (82) is provided at or proximate at least one point round the supporting member (50) where the profile of the supporting member (50) corresponding to the predefined form of the membrane (70) exhibits locally maximum or minimum curvature in the direction of distension of the membrane (70).

Abstract: A deformable membrane assembly comprises a deformable membrane (70) in contact with a body of fluid (90) and a selectively operable adjuster for adjusting the pressure of the fluid (90) for causing distension of the membrane (70) in accordance with a predefined form. The membrane is held peripherally by a bendable supporting member (50) that is coupled to a fixed support by at least three engaging members (82) at spaced locations round the supporting member (50).

Abstract: A pair of spectacles comprises a pair of variable focal length lenses; an image acquisition system adapted to acquire images of each of a user's eyes; and a controller adapted to analyze the images to monitor the degree of vergence of the user's eyes, and to adjust a focal length of the variable focal length lenses to a value derived directly from the monitored degree of vergence.

Abstract: An adjustable fluid-filled lens having a rear surface, a front surface, and a body of fluid between the front and rear surfaces. The lens incorporates a diffractive pattern within the fluid.

Abstract: A variable-power lens includes first and second lens elements one behind the other along an optical axis of the lens. Each element has opposed planar and curved surfaces such that the thickness of each element in a direction parallel to the optical axis varies in a direction transverse to the optical axis. The elements are relatively moveable in the transverse direction, whereby the power of the lens may be varied. The elements are arranged such that the curved surface of the first element is adjacent the second element and the planar surface of the first element bears a diffractive pattern.

Abstract: A method of combining holograms or phase images of an object is disclosed, where attributes of the data used to record two phase images of overlapping portions of the surface of an object are compared and used to match pixels of the two recordings. A relative tilt angle and direction correction is added, and a third phase image is generated. Phase images of objects which are too large to be imaged in an interferometric imaging system can thus be produced.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a spatially under-sampled Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of a surface. The apparatus may comprise a first light source directed to illuminate the surface from a first illumination direction, and a plurality of sensors positioned to receive light reflected by the surface. The plurality of sensors may comprise first, second and third sensors positioned to receive light reflected by the surface in first, second and third non-coplanar directions. In various embodiments, the apparatus may also comprise a computer in communication with the plurality of sensors. The computer is configured to convert light sensed by the plurality of sensors into a first appearance property of the surface considering the first, second, and third reflectance directions.

Abstract: An optical assembly for use with a spectrophotometer. The optical assembly may comprise an illumination source, a detection sensor, a monitor sensor, and an optical piece having a first side adapted to face a sample. The optical piece may define an illumination channel extending from the illumination source toward the first side. The optical piece may also define a detection channel extending from the first side toward the detection sensor. In addition, the optical piece may define a monitor channel extending from the illumination channel toward the monitor sensor. Also, a light emitting diode (LED) assembly for use with an optical measurement device. The LED assembly may comprise a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface and a plurality of LED dies positioned on the substrate to emit light in a first direction normal to the bottom surface of the substrate. The LED assembly may also comprise a plurality of leads in electrical contact with the plurality of LED dies.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for targeting an image formed on an imaging member. The imaging member includes an imaging sensitive layer formed thereon. The imaging member includes imaged and non-imaged areas. Light of a predetermined wavelength reflected from a target area of the imaging member is received. The light reflected from the target area is representative of an image formed on the imaging sensitive layer using energy at approximately the predetermined wavelength. The predetermined wavelength is suitable to initiate crosslinking of the imaging sensitive layer.

Abstract: An optical system comprising an optical instrument and a processing unit. The optical instrument may comprise an illumination source and a sensor. The processing unit may comprise a data storage having stored thereon a characterization of the illumination source and a characterization of the sensor. The processing unit may also comprise a computer configured to calculate a system response of the illumination source and the receiving element considering the characterization of the illumination source and the characterization of the receiving element.

Abstract: A method of combining holograms or phase images of an object is disclosed, where attributes of the data used to record two phase images of overlapping portions of the surface of an object are compared and used to match pixels of the two recordings. A relative tilt angle and direction correction is added, and a third phase image is generated. Phase images of objects which are too large to be imaged in an interferometric imaging system can thus be produced.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a spatially under-sampled Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of a surface. The apparatus may comprise a first light source directed to illuminate the surface from a first illumination direction, and a plurality of sensors positioned to receive light reflected by the surface. The plurality of sensors may comprise first, second and third sensors positioned to receive light reflected by the surface in first, second and third non-coplanar directions. In various embodiments, the apparatus may also comprise a computer in communication with the plurality of sensors. The computer is configured to convert light sensed by the plurality of sensors into a first appearance property of the surface considering the first, second, and third reflectance directions.

Abstract: Data from an imaging interferometer producing at least three interferometric images of a surface of an object using at least three different frequencies of light illuminating the surface of the object is processed through a software data processing pipeline architecture which uses data processed by a plurality of data processors to generate a three dimensional surface profile of the surface of the object.

Abstract: A method of molding a plastic element having a microstructure embedded therein includes the steps of providing a master having a microstructure therein; casting a liquid surface coating over said master; solidifying the liquid surface coating to form a rigid molding tool containing said microstructure; placing the molding tool into a molding machine; introducing a plastic element into the molding machine; transferring the microstructure from the molding tool to the plastic element; and removing the molded plastic element from the molding machine. The molding tool may also be produced by machining directly into a molding base element a predetermined microstructure without machining through a transfer interlayer. An injection-molded binary optical element produced according to the method of the present invention provides an injection molded optical element which diffracts light.