Abstract: Embodiments of antennas and radio frequency (RF) modules include a substrate, a first antenna arm coupled to the substrate, and a first conductive structure between a distal end of the first antenna arm and a bottom surface of the substrate. An embodiment of a system includes a first substrate, a first conductive structure on a top surface of the first substrate, and an antenna coupled to the top surface of the first substrate. The antenna includes a second substrate, a first antenna arm coupled to the second substrate, and a second conductive structure having a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end of the second conductive structure is coupled to a distal end of the first antenna arm, and the distal end of the second conductive structure extends to a bottom surface of the second substrate and is coupled to the first conductive structure on the first substrate.

Abstract: An embodiment of an antenna includes a radiation frame and a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The radiation frame has a frame shape that defines a central opening. The PIFA includes an antenna arm, a feed arm, and a shorting arm. A distal end of the shorting arm is conductively coupled with the radiation frame. The antenna may be coupled to a substrate of an RF module. The RF module may be included in a system that also includes a non-RF component that produces a signal for transmission. In such a system, the RF module is configured to receive the signal, convert the signal to an RF signal, and radiate the RF signal over an air interface.

Abstract: Embodiments of antennas and radio frequency (RF) modules include a substrate, a first antenna arm coupled to the substrate, and a first conductive structure between a distal end of the first antenna arm and a bottom surface of the substrate. An embodiment of a system includes a first substrate, a first conductive structure on a top surface of the first substrate, and an antenna coupled to the top surface of the first substrate. The antenna includes a second substrate, a first antenna arm coupled to the second substrate, and a second conductive structure having a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end of the second conductive structure is coupled to a distal end of the first antenna arm, and the distal end of the second conductive structure extends to a bottom surface of the second substrate and is coupled to the first conductive structure on the first substrate.

Abstract: An embodiment of an antenna includes a radiation frame and a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The radiation frame has a frame shape that defines a central opening. The PIFA includes an antenna arm, a feed arm, and a shorting arm. A distal end of the shorting arm is conductively coupled with the radiation frame. The antenna may be coupled to a substrate of an RF module. The RF module may be included in a system that also includes a non-RF component that produces a signal for transmission. In such a system, the RF module is configured to receive the signal, convert the signal to an RF signal, and radiate the RF signal over an air interface.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for determining the location of an object. A first transceiver is associated with an object to be located. The first transceiver comprises a first transmitter and a first receiver operable to transmit and receive signals using a first transmission protocol and a second transmitter operable to transmit signals using a second transmission protocol. A first signal is transmitted using the first signal transmission protocol and is received by the first receiver. The second transmitter is then used to transmit a second signal using the second transmission protocol in response to receipt of the first signal and the second signal is then processed to determine the location of the object. In some embodiments, the first transmission protocol is in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard and the second transmission protocol is in accordance with a Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) standard.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for determining the location of an object. In embodiments of the disclosure, a first transceiver is associated with an object to be located. The first transceiver comprises a first transmitter and a first receiver operable to transmit and receive signals using a first transmission protocol and a second transmitter operable to transmit signals using a second transmission protocol. A first signal is transmitted using the first signal transmission protocol and is received by the first receiver. The second transmitter is then used to transmit a second signal using the second transmission protocol in response to receipt of said first signal and the second signal is then to determine the location of said object. In some embodiments, the first transmission protocol is in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard and the second transmission protocol is in accordance with a Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) standard.