Abstract: A method and system of imaging at least one passive object within a surrounding structure is provided. The surrounding structure has multiple surfaces. The method includes: transmitting an ultrasonic signal into the surrounding structure using an array of ultrasonic transmitters and receiving reflections from the passive object using an array of ultrasonic receivers. The method also includes steering the ultrasonic signal such that it includes at least one reflection off a surrounding structure surface using stored data relating to a position of at least one of the surfaces.

Abstract: A gas sensor for measuring concentration of a predetermined gas includes a light source (2) arranged to emit pulses of light, a measurement volume (10), a detector (4) arranged to receive light that has passed through the measurement volume (10), and an adaptable filter (6) disposed between the light source (2) and the detector (4). The gas sensor has a measurement state in which it passes at least one wavelength band which is absorbed by the gas and a reference state in which said wavelength band is attenuated relative to the measurement state. A controller is connected to each of the light source, the detector and the adaptable filter to change the adaptable filter between one of said measurement state and said reference state to the other at least once during a gas sensor operation period.

Abstract: A gas sensor for measuring concentration of a predetermined gas includes a light source (2) arranged to emit pulses of light, a measurement volume (10), a detector (4) arranged to receive light that has passed through the measurement volume (10), and an adaptable filter (6) disposed between the light source (2) and the detector (4). The gas sensor has a measurement state in which it passes at least one wavelength band which is absorbed by the gas and a reference state in which said wavelength band is attenuated relative to the measurement state. A controller is connected to each of the light source, the detector and the adaptable filter to change the adaptable filter between one of said measurement state and said reference state to the other at least once during a gas sensor operation period.

Abstract: Measuring system for measuring the properties of an organic material, e.g.

Abstract: A gas sensor for measuring concentration of a predetermined gas comprises a light source arranged to emit pulses of light, a measurement volume, a detector arranged to receive light that has passed through the measurement volume, and an adaptable filter disposed between the light source and the detector. The gas sensor has a measurement state in which it passes at least one wavelength band which is absorbed by the gas and a reference state in which said wavelength band is attenuated relative to the measurement state. The adaptable filter is arranged to change between one of said measurement state and said reference state to the other at least once during each pulse.

Abstract: A system (10) for automatically inspecting a stream of matter (12) for varying composition, comprising an emitting device (16) serving to emit a detection medium, which comprises electromagnetic radiation of a substantially constant intensity, to an irradiated zone (I) of the stream at which the medium penetrates a surface of the matter (12), the irradiated zone (I) extending continuously across substantially the width of the stream, the medium penetrating the surface being varied by the matter (12), a receiving device (32) for receiving the varied medium emanating from the matter (12) at a detection zone (D) substantially separate from the irradiated zone (I), and a detecting device (34) serving to generate detection data in dependence upon the varied medium, the arrangement being such that, in use of the system (10), at least the majority of the varied medium received at the receiving device (32) can be transflected medium.

Abstract: A sensor chip for measuring of structures in a finger surface includes an electronic chip provided with a number of sensor electrodes for capacitance measurements. The chip further includes a first layer comprising a metal or another electrically conducting material over and coupled to the sensor electrodes and a first dielectric layer substantially covering the first metal layer.

Abstract: A plurality of images of portions of a fingerprint surface is generated by measuring structural features the portions of the surface with a sensor array as the surface is moved relative to the array. A two-dimensional image of the fingerprint surface is constructed from a portion of the plurality of images. In one embodiment, a varying voltage is applied to a finger positioned over an exciting electrode and a capacitive sensor array, and the capacitance or impedance through the finger is measured between the electrode and the array to detect variations in capacitance or impedance caused by variations in the structural features of the fingerprint surface.

Abstract: Sensor chip, especially for measuring of structures in a finger surface, characterized in that it comprises an electronic ship being in a per se known way provided with a number of sensor electrodes for capacitance measurements, the chip being provided with a first layer comprising a metal or another electrically conducting material over and coupled to the sensor electrodes and a first dielectric layer substantially covering the first metal layer.

Abstract: A system (10) for automatically inspecting a stream of matter (12) for varying composition, comprising an emitting device (16) serving to emit a detection medium, which comprises electromagnetic radiation of a substantially constant intensity, to an irradiated zone (I) of the stream at which the medium penetrates a surface of the matter (12), the irradiated zone (I) extending continuously across substantially the width of the stream, the medium penetrating the surface being varied by the matter (12), a receiving device (32) for receiving the varied medium emanating from the matter (12) at a detection zone (D) substantially separate from the irradiated zone (I), and a detecting device (34) serving to generate detection data in dependence upon the varied medium, the arrangement being such that, in use of the system (10), at least the majority of the varied medium received at the receiving device (32) can be transflected medium.

Abstract: Sensor chip, especially for measuring of structures in a finger surface, characterized in that it comprises an electronic ship being in a per se known way provided with a number of sensor electrodes for capacitance measurements, the chip being provided with a first layer comprising a metal or another electrically conducting material over and coupled to the sensor electrodes and a first dielectric layer substantially covering the first metal layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for measuring patterns in finger surfaces, the system comprising an array of sensor electrodes over which the surface is to be moved, and at least one stimulation electrode for providing a varying current or voltage between the stimulation electrode and the number of sensors through the surface. The stimulation electrode is positioned separately from the array of sensor electrodes and the system comprises a generator coupled to the stimulation electrode for applying a current or voltage with a varying amplitude or phase to the surface. The system comprises a measuring unit coupled to the sensor electrodes for, during the application of the current or voltage, measuring the impedance at the sensor electrodes in a time sequence and calculating values of predetermined characteristics of the surface and combining the calculated values for the sensor electrodes over the time sequence for generating a representation of the surface pattern.

Abstract: A plurality of images of portions of a fingerprint surface is generated by measuring structural features the portions of the surface with a sensor array as the surface is moved relative to the array. A two-dimensional image of the fingerprint surface is constructed from a portion of the plurality of images. In one embodiment, a varying voltage is applied to a finger positioned over an exciting electrode and a capacitive sensor array, and the capacitance or impedance through the finger is measured between the electrode and the array to detect variations in capacitance or impedance caused by variations in the structural features of the fingerprint surface.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the measuring of structures in a fingerprint or the like, comprising the measuring of chosen characteristics of the surface of the fingerprint, e.g. by measuring capacitance or resistivity, using a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors, being positioned in contact with, or close to, a portion of the surface. The characteristics are measured in at least one line of measuring points along an elongated portion of the surface at given intervals of time, the sensor array being an essentially one-dimensional array, moving the surface in relation to the sensor array in a direction perpendicular to the sensor array, so that the measurements are performed at different, or partially overlapping, portions of the surface, combining the measurements of the measured portions of the surface to provide a segmented, two-dimensional representation of said characteristics of the surface.

Abstract: A plurality of images of portions of a fingerprint surface is generated by measuring structural features the portions of the surface with a sensor array as the surface is moved relative to the array. A two-dimensional image of the fingerprint surface is constructed from a portion of the plurality of images. In one embodiment, a varying voltage is applied to a finger positioned over an exciting electrode and a capacitive sensor array, and the capacitance or impedance through the finger is measured between the electrode and the array to detect variations in capacitance or impedance caused by variations in the structural features of the fingerprint surface.

Abstract: A plurality of images of portions of a fingerprint surface is generated by measuring structural features the portions of the surface with a sensor array as the surface is moved relative to the array. A two-dimensional image of the fingerprint surface is constructed from a portion of the plurality of images. In one embodiment, a varying voltage is applied to a finger positioned over an exciting electrode and a capacitive sensor array, and the capacitance or impedance through the finger is measured between the electrode and the array to detect variations in capacitance or impedance caused by variations in the structural features of the fingerprint surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for measuring structures in a fingerprint or the like, comprising at least one sensor array adapted to be positioned close to, or in contact with, the surface of the fingerprint, the sensor array being adapted to measure chosen characteristics of the surface, e.g. by measuring capacitance or resistivity, at a plurality of positions. At least one sensor array comprises at least one line of sensors, adapted to measure said characteristics at chosen intervals of time, the surface having a relative movement in relation to the sensor array with a direction essentially perpendicular to the at least one line of sensors, and at least one of the outer ends of at least one sensor array protrudes towards the surface to be measured, providing an essentially U-shaped cross section in a plane perpendicular to the direction of said movement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for measuring patterns in finger surfaces, the system comprising an array of sensor electrodes over which the surface is to be moved, and at least one stimulation electrode for providing a varying current or voltage between the stimulation electrode and the number of sensors through the surface. The stimulation electrode is positioned separately from the array of sensor electrodes and the system comprises a generator coupled to the stimulation electrode for applying a current or voltage with a varying amplitude or phase to the surface. The system comprises a measuring unit coupled to the sensor electrodes for, during the application of the current or voltage, measuring the impedance at the sensor electrodes in a time sequence and calculating values of predetermined characteristics of the surface and combining the calculated values for the sensor electrodes over the time sequence for generating a representation of the surface pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring instrument and a method for the optical measurement of the velocity and direction of particles or other objects, in particular in an eye, comprising a spatially coherent light source, optical devices for focusing light from this towards the particle, optical devices for collecting the light scattered from said particle and directing the collected scattered light on a detector. The optical devices comprise an interferometer arrangement having a reference arm and a measuring arm. The detector is divided in at least three parts for measuring light scattered by the particle in different directions, and the instrument and method is adapted to use the signal from the detectors to obtain the phase or frequency shift of the detected signal in order to estimate the velocity of the particle in more than one dimension.

Abstract: In the present equipment for spectroscopic measurement of a gas in a gas mixture, for example a gas in the atmosphere, a filter device is used to filter out one spectral line from other spectral lines belonging to other gases and the transmitted light is detected by a detector which gives a signal to devices for calculating and displaying the measurement data. The filter device consists of an interference filter (1), at least one fixed etalon (2) and a Fabry-Perot interferometer (1). In a preferred design, the filter can be fitted with two fixed etalons instead of one.