Abstract: A puck is movable within a puck field of motion defined by a boundary. Arcuate springs connect the puck to the boundary. Each arcuate spring has a first end connected to the puck and a second end connected to the boundary, and applies a force to the puck that maintains the puck in a predetermined region of the puck field of motion when no external force is applied to the puck. In an embodiment, each arcuate spring includes a planar spiral member. The arcuate springs can also apply a force that dampens any oscillations in the puck position when the puck returns to the predetermined region in the puck field of motion. The puck can also include an electrode that is electrically connected to a point outside the puck field of motion by one of the arcuate springs.

Abstract: An electrostatic stepping comb drive actuator has a first tooth and a second tooth. Each tooth has a first surface, with the first surface of the first tooth opposite the first surface of the second tooth, first conductors, and a first electrode array located on the first surfaces. The first electrode array includes first electrodes in first electrode groups. The comb drive actuator further includes a second member having a third tooth interdigitated with the first tooth and the second tooth such that relative motion is possible between the third tooth and the first and second teeth. The third tooth includes a second surface disposed opposite each of the first surfaces, second conductors, and a second electrode array located on the second surfaces. The second electrode array includes second electrodes in second electrode groups. The second electrodes in each second electrode group are electrically connected to the same one of the second conductors.

Abstract: Methods for routing optical beams are provided. One such method for routing a first optical beam comprises: providing a first mirror and a second mirror, both of which are steerable; providing a second optical beam; propagating the first optical beam such that the first optical beam is reflected by the first mirror prior to being reflected by the second mirror; propagating the second optical beam such that the second optical beam is reflected by the second mirror prior to being reflected by the first mirror; and orienting the first mirror and the second mirror such that the first and second optical beams are coincident at both the first mirror and the second mirror. Systems also are provided.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a printer pen having a pressure regulation system and a mechanism for purging air from the pen using the pressure regulation system. More specifically, a pressure sensor and a permanent magnet actuator open and close an internal valve to selectively pressurize a local ink container with ink to achieve a precise pen back pressure, which may be specific for each pen in order to maximize print quality. The pen also has a blow-off vent and internal conduits which channel trapped air upward, toward the vent. When too much air is detected within the ink container (based on transient response as sensed by the pressure sensor), the pen is moved near an external tab at or near a service station, such that the tab physically opens the blow-off vent. The internal valve is also opened to permit the pen to pressurize (ink is normally at below-atmospheric pressure) and thereby expel air through the blow-off vent.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a valve which is controlled by a magnetic actuator. More specifically, the actuator is a polarized, magnetic actuator, that is, a magnetic actuator containing both a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. The actuator can be an inexpensive commercial relay having a pivoting armature that pushes a compliant diaphragm against a valve seat to close the valve. Preferably, the armature is configured as a “see-saw,” such that as the valve is opened, an opposing end of the see-saw also displaces the diaphragm. In this manner, fluid pressure in a valve chamber is relatively constant, and there are no significant pressures which prevent the valve from opening and closing. The preferred application of the valve is to actively drive printer ink supply, such that ink can be selectively drawn using the valve from a remote ink supply into a local ink reservoir, mounted near a print head.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a printer pen having a pressure regulation system and a mechanism for purging air from the pen using the pressure regulation system. More specifically, a pressure sensor and a permanent magnet actuator open and close an internal valve to selectively pressurize a local ink container with ink to achieve a precise pen back pressure, which may be specific for each pen in order to maximize print quality. The pen also has a blow-off vent and internal conduits which channel trapped air upward, toward the vent. When too much air is detected within the ink container (based on transient response as sensed by the pressure sensor), the pen is moved near an external tab at or near a service station, such that the tab physically opens the blow-off vent. The internal valve is also opened to permit the pen to pressurize (ink is normally at below-atmospheric pressure) and thereby expel air through the blow-off vent.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a valve which is controlled by a magnetic actuator. More specifically, the actuator is a polarized, magnetic actuator, that is, a magnetic actuator containing both a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. The actuator can be an inexpensive commercial relay having a pivoting armature that pushes a compliant diaphragm against a valve seat to close the valve. Preferably, the armature is configured as a “see-saw,” such that as the valve is opened, an opposing end of the see-saw also displaces the diaphragm. In this manner, fluid pressure in a valve chamber is relatively constant, and there are no significant pressures which prevent the valve from opening and closing. The preferred application of the valve is to actively drive printer ink supply, such that ink can be selectively drawn using the valve from a remote ink supply into a local ink reservoir, mounted near a print head.

Abstract: The flexural device-based suspension suspends a movable element with high compliance in a direction of travel and low compliance in a direction orthogonal to the direction of travel. The suspension comprises two flexural devices and a constraining element. The two flexural devices are connected to the movable element. Each of the flexural devices includes an elongate floating beam disposed substantially parallel to the direction of travel. The constraining element is for constraining relative motion of the floating beams in the direction of travel and for allowing the floating beams to move freely relative to one another in the orthogonal direction.

Abstract: The pivot-less Watt linkage supports a first rigid element relative to a second rigid element and permits relative motion between the rigid elements. The pivot-less Watt linkage comprises an elongate, rigid, floating beam, an elongate first flexible beam, an elongate second flexible beam and a flexible member. The first flexible beam extends in a first direction from a first point on the floating beam to the first rigid element. The second flexible beam extends in a second direction, substantially opposite the first direction, from a second point on the floating beam to the first rigid element. The second point is spatially separated from the first point along the length of the floating beam. The flexible member extends in the first direction from a third point on the floating beam to the second rigid element. The third point is intermediate between the first point and the second point.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a printer pen having a pressure regulation system and a mechanism for purging air from the pen using the pressure regulation system. More specifically, a pressure sensor and a permanent magnet actuator open and close an internal valve to selectively pressurize a local ink container with ink to achieve a precise pen back pressure, which may be specific for each pen in order to maximize print quality. The pen also has a blow-off vent and internal conduits which channel trapped air upward, toward the vent. When too much air is detected within the ink container (based on transient response as sensed by the pressure sensor), the pen is moved near an external tab at or near a service station, such that the tab physically opens the blow-off vent. The internal valve is also opened to permit the pen to pressurize (ink is normally at below-atmospheric pressure) and thereby expel air through the blow-off vent.

Abstract: Methods for dicing wafer stacks are provided. Preferably, the method includes the steps of: (1) providing a wafer stack having a first wafer and a second wafer; (2) exposing a portion of the first wafer by removing a portion of the second wafer; and (3) dicing the exposed portion of the first wafer such that a first die assembly is at least partially separated from the wafer stack. Wafer stacks and die assemblies also are provided.

Abstract: The flexural device-based suspension suspends a movable element with high compliance in a direction of travel and low compliance in a direction orthogonal to the direction of travel. The suspension comprises two flexural devices and a constraining element. The two flexural devices are connected to the movable element. Each of the flexural devices includes an elongate floating beam disposed substantially parallel to the direction of travel. The constraining element is for constraining relative motion of the floating beams in the direction of travel and for allowing the floating beams to move freely relative to one another in the orthogonal direction.

Abstract: The pivot-less Watt linkage supports a first rigid element relative to a second rigid element and permits relative motion between the rigid elements. The pivot-less Watt linkage comprises an elongate, rigid, floating beam, an elongate first flexible beam, an elongate second flexible beam and a flexible member. The first flexible beam extends in a first direction from a first point on the floating beam to the first rigid element. The second flexible beam extends in a second direction, substantially opposite the first direction, from a second point on the floating beam to the first rigid element. The second point is spatially separated from the first point along the length of the floating beam. The flexible member extends in the first direction from a third point on the floating beam to the second rigid element. The third point is intermediate between the first point and the second point.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a printer pen having a pressure regulation system and a mechanism for purging air from the pen using the pressure regulation system. More specifically, a pressure sensor and a permanent magnet actuator open and close an internal valve to selectively pressurize a local ink container with ink to achieve a precise pen back pressure, which may be specific for each pen in order to maximize print quality. The pen also has a blow-off vent and internal conduits which channel trapped air upward, toward the vent. When too much air is detected within the ink container (based on transient response as sensed by the pressure sensor), the pen is moved near an external tab at or near a service station, such that the tab physically opens the blow-off vent. The internal valve is also opened to permit the pen to pressurize (ink is normally at below-atmospheric pressure) and thereby expel air through the blow-off vent.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a printer pen having a pressure regulation system and a mechanism for purging air from the pen using the pressure regulation system. More specifically, a pressure sensor and a permanent magnet actuator open and close an internal valve to selectively pressurize a local ink container with ink to achieve a precise pen back pressure, which may be specific for each pen in order to maximize print quality. The pen also has a blow-off vent and internal conduits which channel trapped air upward, toward the vent. When too much air is detected within the ink container (based on transient response as sensed by the pressure sensor), the pen is moved near an external tab at or near a service station, such that the tab physically opens the blow-off vent. The internal valve is also opened to permit the pen to pressurize (ink is normally at below-atmospheric pressure) and thereby expel air through the blow-off vent.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a valve which is controlled by a magnetic actuator. More specifically, the actuator is a polarized, magnetic actuator, that is, a magnetic actuator containing both a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. The actuator can be an inexpensive commercial relay having a pivoting armature that pushes a compliant diaphragm against a valve seat to close the valve. Preferably, the armature is configured as a “see-saw,” such that as the valve is opened, an opposing end of the see-saw also displaces the diaphragm. In this manner, fluid pressure in a valve chamber is relatively constant, and there are no significant pressures which prevent the valve from opening and closing. The preferred application of the valve is to actively drive printer ink supply, such that ink can be selectively drawn using the valve from a remote ink supply into a local ink reservoir, mounted near a print head.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a valve which is controlled by a magnetic actuator. More specifically, the actuator is a polarized, magnetic actuator, that is, a magnetic actuator containing both a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. The actuator can be an inexpensive commercial relay having a pivoting armature that pushes a compliant diaphragm against a valve seat to close the valve. Preferably, the armature is configured as a “see-saw,” such that as the valve is opened, an opposing end of the see-saw also displaces the diaphragm. In this manner, fluid pressure in a valve chamber is relatively constant, and there are no significant pressures which prevent the valve from opening and closing. The preferred application of the valve is to actively drive printer ink supply, such that ink can be selectively drawn using the valve from a remote ink supply into a local ink reservoir, mounted near a print head.

Abstract: A printer pen has a pressure regulation system and a mechanism for purging air from the pen using the pressure regulation system. More specifically, a pressure sensor and a permanent magnet actuator open and close an internal valve to selectively pressurize a local ink container with ink to achieve a precise pen back pressure, which may be specific for each pen in order to maximize print quality. The pen also has a blow-off vent and internal conduits which channel trapped air upward, toward the vent. When too much air is detected within the ink container (based on transient response as sensed by the pressure sensor), the pen is moved near an external tab at or near a service station, such that the tab physically opens the blow-off vent. The internal valve is also opened to permit the pen to pressurize (ink is normally at below-atmospheric pressure) and thereby expel air through the blow-off vent.

Abstract: A thermally-activated gas extraction device that comprises a bubble capture chamber, an exhaust manifold, a tapered extraction chamber and an extraction heater associated with the tapered extraction chamber. The tapered extraction chamber extends from the bubble capture chamber towards the exhaust manifold and has a cross-sectional area that increases towards the exhaust manifold. A gas removal method in which the gas extraction device is provided, a bubble of gas is accumulated in the bubble capture chamber, a portion of the liquid in the tapered extraction chamber heated to nucleate a bubble of vapor, and the bubble of vapor is heated to explosively expand the bubble of vapor into contact with the walls of the tapered extraction chamber and into contact with the bubble of gas to form a composite bubble. Contact with the walls of the tapered extraction moves the composite bubble towards the exhaust manifold.