Abstract: The present invention describes systems and method for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of neurological and/or ocular disease, such as cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. In one example, a method includes differentiating between vein vessels and artery vessels in one or more retinal images of a superior-temporal region of the retina, identifying distal vein branches downstream from a primary vein branch, and quantifying an amount of venular-adjacent amyloid-beta deposits in a venular-adjacent region corresponding to the distal vein branches, wherein the distal vein branches include one or more of secondary veins, secondary vein branches, and tertiary veins. The method further comprises diagnosing the neurological and/or ocular disease based on the amount of venular-adjacent amyloid-beta deposits.