Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of constructing an electrochromic lens which simplifies the steps of applying the electrochromic electrode coatings onto the lens elements. An electrochromic lens is constructed by applying an electrochromic electrode film onto the inner surfaces of facing lens elements and then sandwiching an electrochromic material between the lens elements. The films include a release liner having a release coating, an adhesive coating overlying the release coating of the release liner, an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating overlying the adhesive coating, and an active electrochromic electrode (EE) coating or active electrochromic electrode (ECE) coating overlying said ITO film coating. The release liner is removed and the remaining layers of the film are adhered to the lens.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of constructing an electrochromic lens which simplifies the steps of applying the electrochromic electrode coatings onto the lens elements. An electrochromic lens is constructed by applying an electrochromic electrode film onto the inner surfaces of facing lens elements and then sandwiching an electrochromic material between the lens elements. The films include a release liner having a release coating, an adhesive coating overlying the release coating of the release liner, an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating overlying the adhesive coating, and an active electrochromic electrode (EE) coating or active electrochromic electrode (ECE) coating overlying said ITO film coating. The release liner is removed and the remaining layers of the film are adhered to the lens.

Abstract: A transparent electric-arc resistant composition is produced by preparing crystalline tungsten bronze nanoparticles and homogenously dispersing the nanoparticles in a transparent plastic matrix. The crystalline tungsten bronze nanoparticles are prepared by homogeneously mixing an aqueous solution of soluble tungsten and cesium salts and then drying the solution. The dried solution is then heated in a reducing gas or inert gas atmosphere to form crystalline tungsten bronze nanoparticles. Thereafter, a dispersion agent is added and the nanoparticles are dispersed in a liquid solvent medium by wet milling to form a dispersion mixture. The dispersion mixture is then mixed with polymer pellets to form a polymer mixture, and the polymer mixture is then extruded to yield polymer pellets containing highly homogeneously dispersed inorganic nanoparticles. During or after dispersion, additional particles, dyes, heat stabilizers or UV absorbers, may be added. A lens or shield is then molded from the polymer pellets.

Abstract: A wafer alkaline cell of a laminar structure is disclosed. The cell comprises an anode assembly and a cathode assembly bonded together to form a laminate structure. There may be one and desirably two anode frames securing an anode current collector sheet sandwiched therebetween. There may be a cathode frame bonded to the anode frames. There is an anode current collector sheet within the anode assembly. There is a cathode current collector sheet, optionally with an attached metal mesh embedded within the cathode assembly to assure good electrical contact with the cathode. Alternatively, a cathode endplate with spring action is employed which can move in response to changes of volume or pressure within the cathode, thereby maintaining good contact. The anode current collector may be precoated with a sealing metal forming an alkaline resistant metal oxide film to improve bonding to the frame. The cell is durable and preferably rigid and resists electrolyte leakage.

Abstract: A wafer alkaline cell of a laminar structure is disclosed. The cell has a pair of opposing sides comprising at least the majority of the boundary surface of said cell and defining a short cell dimension therebetween. The cell comprises an anode assembly and a cathode assembly bonded together to form a laminate structure. The cell comprises preferably two separate plastic frames housing the anode and cathode material. The anode current collector may be precoated with a sealing metal forming an alkaline resistant metal oxide film to improve bonding to the frame. The anode assembly has an anode material therein typically comprising zinc and the cathode assembly has a cathode material therein typically comprising manganese dioxide. The cell is durable and preferably rigid, has elongated leak block paths, and resists electrolyte leakage.

Abstract: A wafer alkaline cell of a laminar structure is disclosed. The cell has a pair of opposing sides comprising at least the majority of the boundary surface of said cell and defining a short cell dimension therebetween. The cell comprises an anode assembly and a cathode assembly bonded together to form a laminate structure. The cell comprises a single plastic frame or two separate plastic frames housing the anode and cathode material. The anode current collector may be precoated with a sealing metal forming an alkaline resistant metal oxide film to improve bonding to the frame. The anode assembly has an anode material therein typically comprising zinc and the cathode assembly has a cathode material therein typically comprising manganese dioxide. The cell is durable and preferably rigid, has elongated leak block paths, and resists electrolyte leakage.

Abstract: A wafer alkaline cell of a laminar structure is disclosed. The cell has a pair of opposing sides comprising at least the majority of the boundary surface of said cell. The opposing sides define a short cell dimension therebetween. The cell comprises an anode assembly and a cathode assembly bonded together to form a laminate structure. The cell comprises a single frame or two separate frames housing the anode and cathode material. The anode assembly has an anode material therein typically comprising zinc and the cathode assembly has a cathode material therein typically comprising manganese dioxide. The cell is durable and preferably rigid, has elongated leak block paths, and resists electrolyte leakage.

Abstract: A battery includes a separator with a trapping layer that traps dissolved metal ions.