Abstract: A method for developing a direct person-to-person multilevel direct affiliate marketing network using electronic communications makes a first person an affiliate member of an affiliate marketing program via an online registration process. An electronic communication is generated that has a unique hyperlink that, when selected, links to a source associated with the affiliate marketing program and identifies the first person so that a commission can be allocated to the first person based upon purchases made at the source as a result of access to the source via the link. The first person can forward the electronic communication to others who can use the link to access the source and purchase products or services and/or become an affiliate member. A person that becomes a new affiliate member as a result of accessing the source via the link is placed in a developing network organization of the first person.

Abstract: A navigational device comprising navigational electronics and an improved menu-driven user interface. The navigational electronics are operable for receiving navigation signals from a source, for calculating a position of the device as a function of the signals, and for providing directions to a desired location. The user interface is operable for controlling certain functions of the device and includes a rotary wheel that may be moved in two directions with no mechanical limits for selecting at least one of the functions. In preferred forms, the rotary wheel is rotated up or down to highlight functions and then pushed in to selected a highlighted function.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of magnetic elongated particles in a substrate the base material of which has magnetic properties substantially differing from the corresponding magnetic properties of the elongated particles. The elongated particles have such a long and thin form that their demagnetisation factor N is smaller than 1/250, they have a diameter smaller than 30 micrometer and a magnetic saturation field greater than 100 A/m.

Abstract: An apparatus for checking the authenticity of a security document (28). The security document (28) comprises a base material and in its volume particles having some electromagnetic properties which are substantially different from the corresponding electromagnetic properties of the base material. The apparatus comprises at least one emitter (18) for emitting near infrared or visible waves to the document (28), at least one detector (20) for detecting any of the emitted near infrared or visible waves reflected from the document (28) and means (30) for processing the detected near infrared or visible waves in order to differentiate the security document (28) from a document comprising electromagnetic particles or parts on its surface.