Abstract: The present application relates to a method for inhibiting calcification of aortic valves or inhibiting aortic valve sclerosis/fibrosis. The method involves selecting a subject having, or at risk of developing, calcific aortic valve disease or aortic valve sclerosis/fibrosis and administering, to the selected subject, an inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) signaling pathway to inhibit calcification of the selected subject's aortic valves or aortic valve sclerosis/fibrosis.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of fabricating an article. This method involves obtaining a non-planar surface model of an article to be fabricated; creating X and Y coordinates of the surface to create an X-Y plane; creating planes orthogonal to the X-Y plane to obtain lines of intersection between the surface and said planes; correlating coordinates of intersecting lines to create non-planar print paths; and printing along the print paths to fabricate the article. Also disclosed are a system and a computer program product that functions to control a system to carry out the methods of the present disclosure.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for operating a vehicle that includes an electric machine as a propulsion source. In one example, a motor stall assessment level is generated based on an amount of time that the motor is stalled and an amount of torque that is generated by the motor. Mitigating actions may be performed if the motor stall assessment level exceeds a threshold level or value.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for operating a vehicle that includes an electric machine as a propulsion source. In one example, a motor stall assessment level is generated based on an amount of time that the motor is stalled and an amount of torque that is generated by the motor. Mitigating actions may be performed if the motor stall assessment level exceeds a threshold level or value.

Abstract: A device for evaluation of a tissue's biological or biomechanical character is disclosed. The device uses negative pressure to draw a portion of the tissue across one or more electrode pairs disposed within the device. By measuring one or more parameters associated with an electric or magnetic field defined by the electrode pairs, in vivo evaluation of the tissue's biological or biomechanical character may be achieved in a minimally invasive manner. The device may also include an indenter to apply a positive stress on the tissue within the sidewall to further evaluate its biological or biomechanical character. A method of using the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A device for evaluation of a tissue's biological or biomechanical character is disclosed. The device uses negative pressure to draw a portion of the tissue across one or more electrode pairs disposed within the device. By measuring one or more parameters associated with an electric or magnetic field defined by the electrode pairs, in vivo evaluation of the tissue's biological or biomechanical character may be achieved in a minimally invasive manner. The device may also include an indenter to apply a positive stress on the tissue within the sidewall to further evaluate its biological or biomechanical character. A method of using the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for starting a vehicle in a cold temperature environment and minimizing the time spent by the vehicle within a resonance frequency zone during operation. The present invention includes a method of starting a vehicle engine comprising adjusting the speed of the engine during an engine start mode in accordance with a fixed value threshold. The method also includes determining whether the engine speed has reached the fixed value threshold or whether a time-based threshold has been reached. The method further includes transitioning out of the engine start mode into a normal operating mode when either the fixed value threshold or the time-based threshold has been reached.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for enhancing reverse driving torque in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain in which an electric motor is used for providing forward driving torque as well as reverse driving torque. An electric generator, functioning as a motor, supplies an added reverse driving torque using a gearset in which the engine provides a reverse driving reaction torque for the gearset.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for enhancing reverse driving torque in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain in which an electric motor is used for providing forward driving torque as well as reverse driving torque. An electric generator, functioning as a motor, supplies an added reverse driving torque using a gearset in which the engine provides a reverse driving reaction torque for the gearset.

Abstract: A pressure reducing system and method for an internal combustion engine. The system includes an intake manifold and an evacuation subsystem. The intake manifold is associated with the internal combustion engine. The evacuation subsystem is selectively fluidly coupled to the intake manifold. The evacuation subsystem is operative to reduce pressure in the intake manifold during start-up of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A controller and a control method is disclosed for determining a power demand for an engine in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain. In computing engine power demand, a modified motor speed is used at zero and near-zero actual motor speeds to satisfy a driver demand for vehicle traction wheel torque.

Abstract: A controller and a control method for modifying battery discharge and charge power limits in a vehicle powertrain that includes an electric battery as a power source. The modification compensates for inaccurate estimates of battery discharge and charge power limits by using a closed loop feedback control based on error between a battery voltage set point and commanded battery voltage.

Abstract: A vehicle and method are provided that control engine start in the vehicle. The vehicle includes an electric machine operable to provide a starting torque to the engine. The vehicle also includes a battery capable of providing energy to operate the electric machine. A number of battery parameters are determined, including a discharge power limit, an output power, and an engine starting power level. The engine starting power level is related to the discharge power limit and an amount of output power for the battery necessary to operate the electric machine to provide the starting torque to the engine. When the output power of the battery is at or above the engine starting power level, the engine is automatically started.

Abstract: A method for operating a vehicle to reduce exhaust emissions is provided. The vehicle includes an engine, a motor, a battery for operating the motor, and a catalyst for reducing exhaust gas emissions. The vehicle is operated in a first mode when at least one predetermined condition is met. The first mode includes providing at least some of the desired vehicle output power with the motor. The engine is operated to quickly increase the temperature of the catalyst when the output power from the battery is within a first predetermined range. When the output power of the battery is outside the first predetermined range, the operation of the engine is adjusted to drive battery operation into the first predetermined range. When the at least one predetermined condition is not met, the vehicle is operated in a second mode based at least partly on driver demand and battery requirements.

Abstract: A method for controlling starting of an internal combustion engine in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain having multiple power flow paths to vehicle traction wheels from the engine and from an electric motor. A smoothness factor is calculated to determine how smooth an engine start should be. Engine operating variables regulate engine smoothness during engine start events as determined by the calculated smoothness factor appropriate for selected vehicle operating conditions.

Abstract: A method for controlling starting of an internal combustion engine in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain having multiple power flow paths to vehicle traction wheels from the engine and from an electric motor. A smoothness factor is calculated to determine how smooth an engine start should be. Engine operating variables regulate engine smoothness during engine start events as determined by the calculated smoothness factor appropriate for selected vehicle operating conditions.

Abstract: A method for controlling starting of an internal combustion engine in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain having multiple power flow paths to vehicle traction wheels from the engine and from an electric motor. A smoothness factor is calculated to determine how smooth an engine start should be. Engine operating variables regulate engine smoothness during engine start events as determined by the calculated smoothness factor appropriate for selected vehicle operating conditions.

Abstract: A vehicle and method are provided that control engine start in the vehicle. The vehicle includes an electric machine operable to provide a starting torque to the engine. The vehicle also includes a battery capable of providing energy to operate the electric machine. A number of battery parameters are determined, including a discharge power limit, an output power, and an engine starting power level. The engine starting power level is related to the discharge power limit and an amount of output power for the battery necessary to operate the electric machine to provide the starting torque to the engine. When the output power of the battery is at or above the engine starting power level, the engine is automatically started.

Abstract: A controller and a control method is disclosed for determining a power demand for an engine in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain. In computing engine power demand, a modified motor speed is used at zero and near-zero actual motor speeds to satisfy a driver demand for vehicle traction wheel torque.

Abstract: A method for operating a vehicle to reduce exhaust emissions is provided. The vehicle includes an engine, a motor, a battery for operating the motor, and a catalyst for reducing exhaust gas emissions. The vehicle is operated in a first mode when at least one predetermined condition is met. The first mode includes providing at least some of the desired vehicle output power with the motor. The engine is operated to quickly increase the temperature of the catalyst when the output power from the battery is within a first predetermined range. When the output power of the battery is outside the first predetermined range, the operation of the engine is adjusted to drive battery operation into the first predetermined range. When the at least one predetermined condition is not met, the vehicle is operated in a second mode based at least partly on driver demand and battery requirements.