Abstract: An electric machine includes a rotor, a stator, at least one measurement circuit, and a controller. The rotor includes a plurality of salient poles arranged radially around a rotation axis of the electric machine and spaced apart from the rotation axis of the electric machine. The stator includes a plurality of coils configured to selectively align with the plurality of salient poles of the rotor. The at least one measurement circuit is configured to measure at least one current through at least one of the plurality of coils. The measured current includes a current ripple. The controller is configured to compute a position of the rotor based on a characteristic of the current ripple.

Abstract: An electric machine includes a rotor, a stator, at least one measurement circuit, and a controller. The rotor includes a plurality of salient poles arranged radially around a rotation axis of the electric machine and spaced apart from the rotation axis of the electric machine. The stator includes a plurality of coils configured to selectively align with the plurality of salient poles of the rotor. The at least one measurement circuit is configured to measure at least one current through at least one of the plurality of coils. The measured current includes a current ripple. The controller configured to compute a position of the rotor based on a characteristic of the current ripple.

Abstract: An electric machine includes a rotor, a stator, at least one measurement circuit, and a controller. The rotor includes a plurality of salient poles arranged radially around a rotation axis of the electric machine and spaced apart from the rotation axis of the electric machine. The stator includes a plurality of coils configured to selectively align with the plurality of salient poles of the rotor. The at least one measurement circuit is configured to measure at least one current through at least one of the plurality of coils. The measured current includes a current ripple. The controller configured to compute a position of the rotor based on a characteristic of the current ripple.

Abstract: A peelable lid conforms to a container having pointed edges at opposing ends forming an eye or boat configuration. The pointed edges provide starting and stopping points for removal of the lid from the container. The pointed edges minimize the peel front at the start of the removal of the lid and at the end of the container when dislodging the lid completely from the container. The peel front is proportional to the peel force at any given location on the lid, so that the minimized peel front provides a constant peel force during the removal of the lid. The peelable seal may also be formed, by a perforated, scored or otherwise tearable area around the periphery of the lid allowing the peel front to progressively proceed along the periphery of a sealing flange.