Abstract: Computer-implemented systems and methods are disclosed, including systems and methods utilizing language models for extracting and resolving entities mentioned in unstructured text data. A computer-implemented method may include at least: receiving first text data from a data source; generating and transmitting a first prompt for a large language model (“LLM”), the first prompt comprising the first text data; receiving a first output from the LLM in response to the first prompt; generating, based at least on the first output, and transmitting a second prompt to the LLM; receiving a second output from the LLM in response to the second prompt, the second output comprising first one or more entities extracted by the LLM from the first part of the first semantically related text portion and first metadata or context associated with the first one or more entities.

Abstract: A breathing assistance apparatus includes an oral appliance and a valve arrangement. The oral appliance has an appliance body shaped to be at least partially positioned within the oral cavity of a user. The valve arrangement includes a valve body and a valve member. The valve body includes a valve airway in fluid communication with a user airway, and the valve member is positioned in the valve airway, movable between first and second positions at least in part as a result of airflow through the valve airway. The valve member at least partially obstructs the valve airway in the second position so that there is a differential resistance during inhalation and exhalation.