Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is performed by processing circuitry of a storage device for writing data to memory of a storage device. The method is related to executing a program to write data written in a plurality of single-layer cells (SLCs) in a first portion of the memory to a plurality of multi-level cells (MLCs) in a second portion of the memory using a single program command. The single program command includes an address of each SLC in the first portion of the memory and optionally, additional information regarding SLC read-level shifts. Executing the single program command includes reading from each SLC of the plurality of SLCs, storing at least some of the respective SLC data in the plurality of latches, and writing the SLC data that was stored in the plurality of latches to the plurality of MLCs.

Abstract: This application is directed to managing memory operations in a memory system or device (e.g., a solid-state drive (SSD)). While implementing one or more write operations on one or more active memory dies, the memory device identifies a first read request for data stored on a first memory die. The first read request is waiting next in a queue of read requests. In accordance with a determination (1) that the first memory die is distinct from the one or more active memory dies and (2) that no sufficient power is available to implement the first read request concurrently with the one or more write operations, the memory device suspends the one or more write operations according to a suspension scheme and implements the first read operation on the first memory die.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is performed by processing circuitry of a storage device for writing data to memory of a storage device. The method is related to executing a program to write data written in a plurality of single-layer cells (SLCs) in a first portion of the memory to a plurality of multi-level cells (MLCs) in a second portion of the memory using a single program command. The single program command includes an address of each SLC in the first portion of the memory and optionally, additional information regarding SLC read-level shifts. Executing the single program command includes reading from each SLC of the plurality of SLCs, storing at least some of the respective SLC data in the plurality of latches, and writing the SLC data that was stored in the plurality of latches to the plurality of MLCs.

Abstract: A device and related method, the device including system memory for storing at least two queue groups, each of which includes commands, and processing circuitry. For each respective queue group, the processing circuitry determines an allocated command value indicative of a number of commands that are capable of being fetched from the respective queue group, determines a number of outstanding commands to be fetched from the respective queue group, and compares the allocated command value to the number of outstanding commands to be fetched for the respective queue group. When the allocated command value is greater than the number of outstanding commands to be fetched for the respective queue group, the processing circuitry designates the respective queue group as an available queue group. The processing circuitry then selects a queue group from the designated available queue groups and fetches at least one command from the selected queue group.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is performed by processing circuitry of a storage device for writing data to memory of a storage device. The method is related to executing a program to write data written in a plurality of single-layer cells (SLCs) in a first portion of the memory to a plurality of multi-level cells (MLCs) in a second portion of the memory using a single program command. The single program command includes an address of each SLC in the first portion of the memory and optionally, additional information regarding SLC read-level shifts. Executing the single program command includes reading from each SLC of the plurality of SLCs, storing at least some of the respective SLC data in the plurality of latches, and writing the SLC data that was stored in the plurality of latches to the plurality of MLCs.

Abstract: A device and related method, the device communicatively coupled to a host, and the device including arbitration circuitry, command fetch circuitry, and processing circuitry. For each virtual machine of the host, arbitration circuitry determines (a) first credits value indicative of a number of commands that may be fetched and (b) a second credits value indicative of a bandwidth to fetch at least one command, from a queue group associated with the virtual machine. The arbitration circuitry selects a virtual machine based on at least one of the first credits values and the second credits values of the virtual machines, and communicates a signal to command fetch circuitry to fetch at least one command. In response to the reception of the signal, the command fetch circuitry fetches at least one command from the queue group associated with the selected virtual machine and communicates the fetched commands to processing circuitry for execution.

Abstract: A device and related method, the device including system memory for storing at least two queue groups, each of which includes commands, and processing circuitry. For each respective queue group, the processing circuitry determines an allocated command value indicative of a number of commands that are capable of being fetched from the respective queue group, determines a number of outstanding commands to be fetched from the respective queue group, and compares the allocated command value to the number of outstanding commands to be fetched for the respective queue group. When the allocated command value is greater than the number of outstanding commands to be fetched for the respective queue group, the processing circuitry designates the respective queue group as an available queue group. The processing circuitry then selects a queue group from the designated available queue groups and fetches at least one command from the selected queue group.

Abstract: Mechanisms for prioritizing read commands over write commands to a storage device are provided, the mechanisms comprising: determining counts of read commands targeting a plurality of portions of the storage device; calculating a threshold based on a function of an average of the counts of read commands targeting the plurality of portions of the storage device; determining that a count of read command(s) targeting one of the plurality of portions of the storage device meets the threshold; and in response to determining that the count of read command(s) targeting the one of the plurality of portions of the storage device meets the threshold, prioritizing a read command to access the one of the plurality of portions of the storage device over at least one write command.

Abstract: This application is directed to managing memory operations in a memory system or device (e.g., a solid-state drive (SSD)). While implementing one or more write operations on one or more active memory dies, the memory device identifies a first read request for data stored on a first memory die. The first read request is waiting next in a queue of read requests. In accordance with a determination (1) that the first memory die is distinct from the one or more active memory dies and (2) that no sufficient power is available to implement the first read request concurrently with the one or more write operations, the memory device suspends the one or more write operations according to a suspension scheme and implements the first read operation on the first memory die.

Abstract: Mechanisms for prioritizing read commands over write commands to a storage device are provided, the mechanisms comprising: determining counts of read commands targeting a plurality of portions of the storage device; calculating a threshold based on a function of an average of the counts of read commands targeting the plurality of portions of the storage device; determining that a count of read command(s) targeting one of the plurality of portions of the storage device meets the threshold; and in response to determining that the count of read command(s) targeting the one of the plurality of portions of the storage device meets the threshold, prioritizing a read command to access the one of the plurality of portions of the storage device over at least one write command.

Abstract: Recovering worker shares from read prioritization including: while read accesses (RA) to a storage device (SD) are being prioritized over write accesses (WA) to the SD: determining a first count of RA to the SD; performing a first adjusting of a base read share percentage (RSP) to a first adjusted RSP for RA to the SD based on the first count of RA; and controlling read access to the SD based on the first adjusting; determining that RA to the SD have completed being prioritized over WA to the SD; and after RA to the SD have completed being prioritized: determining a second count of WA to the SD; performing a second adjusting of the first adjusted RSP to a second adjusted RSP for RA to the SD based on the second count of WA; and controlling write access to the SD based on the second adjusting.

Abstract: Recovering worker shares from read prioritization including: while read accesses (RA) to a storage device (SD) are being prioritized over write accesses (WA) to the SD: determining a first count of RA to the SD; performing a first adjusting of a base read share percentage (RSP) to a first adjusted RSP for RA to the SD based on the first count of RA; and controlling read access to the SD based on the first adjusting; determining that RA to the SD have completed being prioritized over WA to the SD; and after RA to the SD have completed being prioritized: determining a second count of WA to the SD; performing a second adjusting of the first adjusted RSP to a second adjusted RSP for RA to the SD based on the second count of WA; and controlling write access to the SD based on the second adjusting.

Abstract: Mechanisms for prioritizing read commands over write commands to a storage device are provided, the mechanisms comprising: determining counts of read commands targeting a plurality of portions of the storage device; calculating a threshold based on a function of an average of the counts of read commands targeting the plurality of portions of the storage device; determining that a count of read command(s) targeting one of the plurality of portions of the storage device meets the threshold; and in response to determining that the count of read command(s) targeting the one of the plurality of portions of the storage device meets the threshold, prioritizing a read command to access the one of the plurality of portions of the storage device over at least one write command.

Abstract: Recovering worker shares from read prioritization including: while read accesses (RA) to a storage device (SD) are being prioritized over write accesses (WA) to the SD: determining a first count of RA to the SD; performing a first adjusting of a base read share percentage (RSP) to a first adjusted RSP for RA to the SD based on the first count of RA; and controlling read access to the SD based on the first adjusting; determining that RA to the SD have completed being prioritized over WA to the SD; and after RA to the SD have completed being prioritized: determining a second count of WA to the SD; performing a second adjusting of the first adjusted RSP to a second adjusted RSP for RA to the SD based on the second count of WA; and controlling write access to the SD based on the second adjusting.

Abstract: A transport device for transporting an NMR sample to a probe head (16), having a shuttle (15) and a locking apparatus (3) for the rotor (5), which, when attaching the shuttle to the probe head, releases the rotor, and having a detecting apparatus for detecting the rotor in the shuttle. The probe head has a positioning apparatus (2), which holds the probe head in a defined measuring position relative to the shuttle. The detecting apparatus includes a sensor line, which transmits a signal dependent on the position of the probe head to the shuttle's end. A first portion (1a) of the sensor line is mounted inside the shuttle and extends from the rotor in a transport state to the end of the shuttle. A second portion (1b) of the sensor line is mounted inside the probe head and, in the measuring position, is directly adjacent to the first portion.

Abstract: A transport device for transporting an NMR sample to a probe head (16), having a shuttle (15) and a locking apparatus (3) for the rotor (5), which, when attaching the shuttle to the probe head, releases the rotor, and having a detecting apparatus for detecting the rotor in the shuttle. The probe head has a positioning apparatus (2), which holds the probe head in a defined measuring position relative to the shuttle. The detecting apparatus includes a sensor line, which transmits a signal dependent on the position of the probe head to the shuttle's end. A first portion (1a) of the sensor line is mounted inside the shuttle and extends from the rotor in a transport state to the end of the shuttle. A second portion (1b) of the sensor line is mounted inside the probe head and, in the measuring position, is directly adjacent to the first portion.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled NMR probe has a lower insert portion formed of multiple parts including two disc-shaped sub-elements that are not mechanically rigidly interconnected, lie flat against one another in the mounted state and are perpendicular to the z axis. The first sub-element (3.1), in terms of material and geometric structure, fulfils the function of electrically insulating the RF and HV lines fed through the lower insert portion, has an electrical conductivity sigma<103 S/m, mechanically and retains components of the NMR probe constructed on the lower insert portion. The second sub-element (3.2) retains the first sub-element on a main frame (7) of the NMR probe, and is made of a ductile plastics material or metal having a mechanical breaking strength ?>100 N/mm2 and a melting temperature TS>250° C. This achieves high breaking strength and resistance to thermal stress while simultaneously attaining required RF and HV properties.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled NMR probe has a lower insert portion formed of multiple parts including two disc-shaped sub-elements that are not mechanically rigidly interconnected, lie flat against one another in the mounted state and are perpendicular to the z axis. The first sub-element (3.1), in terms of material and geometric structure, fulfils the function of electrically insulating the RF and HV lines fed through the lower insert portion, has an electrical conductivity sigma<103 S/m, mechanically and retains components of the NMR probe constructed on the lower insert portion. The second sub-element (3.2) retains the first sub-element on a main frame (7) of the NMR probe, and is made of a ductile plastics material or metal having a mechanical breaking strength ?>100 N/mm2 and a melting temperature TS>250° C. This achieves high breaking strength and resistance to thermal stress while simultaneously attaining required RF and HV properties.

Abstract: A transport device for conveying an object to be transported (18) between an input point (A) and a supply point (Z), where the object to be transported (18) can be supplied to an RT tube (4) of a cryostat (1), wherein the input point (A) is both horizontally and also vertically spaced apart from the supply point (Z), wherein a transport tube (14) is provided for pneumatically conveying the object to be transported within the transport tube (14) from a first transfer point (B) to a second transfer point (C), is characterized in that the transport tube (14) is vertically arranged, a first transport container (TB1) and a second transport container (TB2) are provided for receiving the object to be transported (18), a first transfer device is disposed between the input point (A) and the first transfer point (B), and a second transfer device is provided between the second transfer point (C) and the supply point (Z).

Abstract: A transport device for conveying an object to be transported (18) between an input point (A) and a supply point (Z), where the object to be transported (18) can be supplied to an RT tube (4) of a cryostat (1), wherein the input point (A) is both horizontally and also vertically spaced apart from the supply point (Z), wherein a transport tube (14) is provided for pneumatically conveying the object to be transported within the transport tube (14) from a first transfer point (B) to a second transfer point (C), is characterized in that the transport tube (14) is vertically arranged, a first transport container (TB1) and a second transport container (TB2) are provided for receiving the object to be transported (18), a first transfer device is disposed between the input point (A) and the first transfer point (B), and a second transfer device is provided between the second transfer point (C) and the supply point (Z).