Abstract: Isoparaffin-olefin alkylation is carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid-promoted catalyst, said catalyst comprising a synthetic porous crystalline material characterized in its calcined form by an X-ray diffraction pattern including interplanar d-spacings at 12.36.+-.0.4, 11.03.+-.0.2, 8.83.+-.0.14, 6.18.+-.0.12, 6.00.+-.0.10, 4.06.+-.0.07, 3.91.+-.0.07 and 3.42.+-.0.06 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process for fluidized bed catalyst regeneration while minimizing emissions of NOx. The process uses a single, dense phase fluidized bed of particles wherein a combustible substance is burned to produce heat and a flue gas containing CO, CO2, O2 and NOx. A CO combustion promoter, present in an amount sufficient to increase the combustion of CO to CO2 in the dense bed, is disposed on particles having a settling velocity which is smaller than the settling velocity of the particles in the dense phase fluidized bed. CO combustion promoter segregates in the dense phase fluidized bed so that a majority of the combustion promoter is present in an upper one half of the dense bed. Maintaining a reducing atmosphere in the lower one half of the dense bed converts at least a portion of the NOx produced during combustion to nitrogen in the reducing atmosphere. Preferably an external means is provided to recover entrained CO combustion promoter from fines generated in the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A fluidized combustion process is disclosed which is especially suitable for fluidized bed burning of coal and coke while minimizing emissions of NOx. A single, dense phase fluidized bed or particles is used to burn the coal or coke with air or oxygen containing gas to produce heat and a flue gas containing CO, CO2, O2 and NOx. A CO combustion promoter on a porous support is present in an amount sufficient to increase the combustion of CO to CO2 in the dense bed. Preferably the CO combustion promotor is disposed on particles which either float or have a settling velocity which is smaller than the settling velocity of the average particles in the dense phase fluidized bed. CO combustion promoter preferably floats or segregates in the dense phase fluidized bed so that a majority of the combustion promoter is present in an upper one half of the dense bed. Maintaining a reducing atmosphere in the lower one half of the dense bed converts NOx produced during combustion to nitrogen in the reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: An improved continuous process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a large proportion of highly branced paraffins for making gasoline having improved octane is taught. The improved process comprises contacting isoparaffins and olefins with a composite catalyst comprising a Lewis acid and a non-zeolitic inorganic oxide in the presence of a controlled amount of water. The process results in reduced catalyst aging and obviates environmental problems associated with prior art processes.

Abstract: Light olefins are catalytically converted to ethers, e.g., propylene is converted to diisopropyl ether, in a dual stage process in which product ether is recycled to a first stage reaction zone to significantly reduce the operating temperature of the olefin hydration/etherification reactions taking place in that zone. Alcohol produced in the first stage reaction zone undergoes conversion in the second stage reaction zone, e.g., by etherification with light olefin or by catalytic distillation, to provide additional product ether. The process contemplates the use of zeolites as olefin hydration/etherification catalysts.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for the substantially uniform distribution of a two-phase feed in a chemical reaction zone. As applied, for example, to the hydration/etherification of light olefin to alcohol(s) and/or ether(s), the invention results in greater process control and in particular cases, to improved reaction product selectivities.

Abstract: A system is provided for passivating metals, such as vanadium, deposited on a catalyst during a conversion reaction. Spent catalyst particles containing the metal deposits are introduced into a regenerator, and passivating particles containing the passivating materials are also introduced into the regenerator. The passivating particles and the catalyst particles are separated after they have exited from the regenerator. At least a portion of the separated passivating particles are recycled to the regenerator, and the regenerated, separated catalyst particles are reintroduced into a reaction zone, such as a riser conversion zone.

Abstract: Coke is removed from particulate catalyst by passing the coke-containing catalyst into a regenerator containing a fluidized dense bed of catalyst. An oxygen containing gas is added to the regenerator to burn coke from catalyst. The dense bed has a reducing atmosphere in its lower half because most of the CO promoter catalyst present in the regenerator is in the upper half of the dense bed. Nitrogen oxides formed during coke combustion are at least partially reacted to form free nitrogen in the CO-rich atmosphere within the lower-half of the regenerator dense bed. A CO combustion promotor, e.g., platinum on alumina, having a low density, or small size is preferred as it concentrates near the upper portion of the regenerator dense bed. The process is especially useful in FCC regenerators for minimizing the NO.sub.x content of the flue gas, however, it is applicable to any fluidized bed combustion process.

Abstract: An FCC regenerator comprising a first dense bed coke combuster, a dilute phase transport riser, and a second dense bed operates with selective addition of CO combustion catalyst downstream of the coke combustor and preferably into the dilute phase transport riser. The process and apparatus permits maintenance of a reducing atmosphere in the first dense bed, which promotes conversion of NO.sub.x compounds to nitrogen within the FCC regenerator. Coke can be burned in the first dense bed, the transport riser, or the second dense bed, so that the average catalyst temperature and steaming severity is reduced.

Abstract: A process for dewaxing a hydrocarbon feedstock with a relatively high pour point and containing normal and slightly branched paraffins by subjecting said feed to catalytic dewaxing over a noble metal promoted zeolite beta catalyst followed by dewaxing with a base metal promoted zeolite beta catalyst. The feed may be hydrotreated before dewaxing.