Abstract: It is the object of the present invention to present a method of producing silicon, characterized by mixing silicon dioxide and at least one metal oxide at an elevated temperate wherein said oxide and silicon form a eutectic mixture or eutectic system.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to processes for the reduction of transition metals using alkali metals to produce reduced transition metals.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an edible meat analogue and a method of producing the same, the meat analogue comprising a plurality of protein strands and inter- strand sheaths material, wherein in at least one sample of said edible meat analogue, the following conditions are fulfilled: (i) the plurality of protein strands are essentially aligned, (ii) at least a portion of the protein strands are at least partially surrounded by the inter-strand sheaths material; (iii) the inter-strand sheaths material comprises at least one component that has a melting point above 30° C.; and (iv) the inter-strand sheaths material forms a network interconnecting between at least two neighboring, spaced apart, protein strands; and wherein said inter-strand sheaths material is selected to provide at least one of the following physical properties: (a) an average hardness of a specimen of the meat analogue, of at least 46 N; and (b) an average tensile strength of at least 0.012 MPa of a specimen of the meat analogue.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a whole muscle meat substitute and method for its production using additive manufacturing techniques. Specifically, the whole muscle meat substitute comprises one or more layers of digitally printed protein-containing strands, wherein each layer comprises a single convoluted strand or a plurality of strands such that segments between folds of the single strand or the plurality of strands are arranged in an essentially parallel along their longitudinal axis, the strand or strands comprising one or more bundles of axially aligned texturized protein fibers; and wherein at least a portion of the texturized protein fibers comprises elongated fibers having a length above 5 mm.