Abstract: Metal housing walls may form an antenna cavity. Antenna structures may be formed from metal traces mounted on a carrier in the antenna cavity. The antenna structures may form an array of antennas such as an array of planar inverted-F antennas. The housing may have an inner cavity wall such as a circular inner cavity wall. The planar inverted-F antennas may lie between the inner cavity wall and the metal walls of the housing. Each planar inverted-F antenna may have an associated parasitic antenna resonating element. The planar inverted-F antennas may be configured to resonate in upper and lower frequency bands. The parasitic elements may each extend inwardly from the metal walls and may broaden the frequency response of the planar inverted-F antennas in the lower frequency band. Parasitic elements may be used to isolate antennas from each other.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with antenna structures. The antenna structures may include an antenna support structure covered with patterned antenna traces. An antenna support structure may be mounted in an electronic device so that a surface of the antenna support structure that is covered with patterned antenna traces lies flush with a planar surface of the electronic device housing. A display cover layer or other planar structure may be attached to the surface of the antenna support structure and the planar surface of the housing adhesive. Injection molding and extrusion techniques may be used in forming a support structure with elongated parallel cavities. An injection molding tool may have a mold core supported by a support structure at one end, supporting engagement features at the ends of mating mold core structures, or support pins. Molded interconnect devices may be soldered to laser direct structuring components to form antennas.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with antenna structures such as distributed loop antenna resonating element structures. A distributed loop antenna may be formed on an elongated dielectric carrier and may have a longitudinal axis. The distributed loop antenna may include a loop antenna resonating element formed from a sheet of conductive material that extends around the longitudinal axis. A gap may be formed in the sheet of conductive material. The gap may be located under an opaque masking layer on the underside of a display cover glass associated with a display. The loop antenna resonating element may have a main body portion that includes the gap and may have an extended tail portion that extends between the display and conductive housing structures. The main body portion and extended tail portion may be configured to ensure that undesired waveguide modes are cut off during operation of the loop antenna.

Abstract: Wireless electronic devices may include wireless communications circuitry such as a transceiver, antenna, and other wireless circuitry. The transceiver may be coupled to the antenna through a bidirectional switch connector. The switch connector may mate with a corresponding radio-frequency test probe that is connected to radio-frequency test equipment. When the test probe is mated with the switch connector, the transceiver may be decoupled from the antenna. During transceiver testing, radio-frequency test signals may be conveyed between the test unit and the transceiver using the test probe. During antenna testing, radio-frequency test signals may be conveyed between the test unit and the antenna using the test probe. Transceiver testing and antenna testing may, if desired, be conducted in parallel using the test probe.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with conductive structures such as displays and conductive housing walls. Conductive gaskets may be used to form electrical paths between opposing conductive structures in an electronic device. During device assembly, a conductive gasket may be compressed between opposing conductive structures. The conductive gasket may be formed from a conductive gasket wall structure. The conductive gasket wall structure may surround and at least partly enclose an air-filled cavity. Conductive gasket wall structures may be formed from conductive fabric, dielectric sheets coated with metal, or other conductive wall materials. The interior of a conductive gasket may be hollow and completely devoid of supporting structures or may contain internal structures for biasing the conductive gasket wall outwards. Planar gaskets and gaskets with other cross sections may be provided.

Abstract: Metal housing walls may form an antenna cavity. Antenna structures may be formed from metal traces mounted on a carrier in the antenna cavity. The antenna structures may form an array of antennas such as an array of planar inverted-F antennas. The housing may have an inner cavity wall such as a circular inner cavity wall. The planar inverted-F antennas may lie between the inner cavity wall and the metal walls of the housing. Each planar inverted-F antenna may have an associated parasitic antenna resonating element. The planar inverted-F antennas may be configured to resonate in upper and lower frequency bands. The parasitic elements may each extend inwardly from the metal walls and may broaden the frequency response of the planar inverted-F antennas in the lower frequency band. Parasitic elements may be used to isolate antennas from each other.

Abstract: An electronic device may have magnetically mounted antenna structures. The electronic device may have a dielectric member against which one or more antennas are mounted. The dielectric member may be a cover glass layer that covers a display in the electronic device, a dielectric antenna window, or other dielectric structure. Each antenna may have an antenna support structure. Conductive antenna structures for the antenna may be mounted to the antenna support structure. The antennas may be cavity-backed planar inverted-F antennas. Portions of each antenna support structure may be configured to receive magnets. The magnets may be attracted towards ferromagnetic structures mounted on the dielectric member. As the magnets are attracted towards the ferromagnetic structure, the antennas may be held in place against the dielectric member.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with antenna structures. The antenna structures may include an antenna support structure covered with patterned antenna traces. An antenna support structure may be mounted in an electronic device so that a surface of the antenna support structure that is covered with patterned antenna traces lies flush with a planar surface of the electronic device housing. A display cover layer or other planar structure may be attached to the surface of the antenna support structure and the planar surface of the housing adhesive. Injection molding and extrusion techniques may be used in forming a support structure with elongated parallel cavities. An injection molding tool may have a mold core supported by a support structure at one end, supporting engagement features at the ends of mating mold core structures, or support pins. Molded interconnect devices may be soldered to laser direct structuring components to form antennas.

Abstract: Electronic devices may be provided with antenna structures such as distributed loop antenna resonating element structures. A distributed loop antenna may be formed on an elongated dielectric carrier and may have a longitudinal axis. The distributed loop antenna may include a loop antenna resonating element formed from a sheet of conductive material that extends around the longitudinal axis. A gap may be formed in the sheet of conductive material. The gap may be located under an opaque masking layer on the underside of a display cover glass associated with a display. The loop antenna resonating element may have a main body portion that includes the gap and may have an extended tail portion that extends between the display and conductive housing structures. The main body portion and extended tail portion may be configured to ensure that undesired waveguide modes are cut off during operation of the loop antenna.

Abstract: An electronic device may have magnetically mounted antenna structures. The electronic device may have a dielectric member against which one or more antennas are mounted. The dielectric member may be a cover glass layer that covers a display in the electronic device, a dielectric antenna window, or other dielectric structure. Each antenna may have an antenna support structure. Conductive antenna structures for the antenna may be mounted to the antenna support structure. The antennas may be cavity-backed planar inverted-F antennas. Portions of each antenna support structure may be configured to receive magnets. The magnets may be attracted towards ferromagnetic structures mounted on the dielectric member. As the magnets are attracted towards the ferromagnetic structure, the antennas may be held in place against the dielectric member.

Abstract: Electrical devices may be tested using test equipment. A device may have an associated cable with a connector. The test equipment may have an associated cable with a connector. An adapter may have a pair of connectors. One of the adapter connectors may be connected to the connector of the cable associated with the device and the other of the adapter connectors may be connected to the connector of the cable that is associated with the tester. A retention clip may be attached to a groove in the adapter. Flexible members in the clip may each grasp an opposing side of the adapter within the groove. A retention member in the clip may bear against the connector on the cable that is associated with the device to hold the connectors for the device cable and the adapter together.

Abstract: Wireless electronic devices may include wireless communications circuitry such as a transceiver, antenna, and other wireless circuitry. The transceiver may be coupled to the antenna through a bidirectional switch connector. The switch connector may mate with a corresponding radio-frequency test probe that is connected to radio-frequency test equipment. When the test probe is mated with the switch connector, the transceiver may be decoupled from the antenna. During transceiver testing, radio-frequency test signals may be conveyed between the test unit and the transceiver using the test probe. During antenna testing, radio-frequency test signals may be conveyed between the test unit and the antenna using the test probe. Transceiver testing and antenna testing may, if desired, be conducted in parallel using the test probe.

Abstract: Electrical devices may be tested using test equipment. A device may have an associated cable with a connector. The test equipment may have an associated cable with a connector. An adapter may have a pair of connectors. One of the adapter connectors may be connected to the connector of the cable associated with the device and the other of the adapter connectors may be connected to the connector of the cable that is associated with the tester. A retention clip may be attached to a groove in the adapter. Flexible members in the clip may each grasp an opposing side of the adapter within the groove. A retention member in the clip may bear against the connector on the cable that is associated with the device to hold the connectors for the device cable and the adapter together.

Abstract: Described herein are surgical retractors that include a frame and a blade assembly. The blade assembly includes an arm extending from the frame, a blade attached to the arm and moveable relative to the frame, and a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism is moveable from a first position to a second position to prevent movement of the blade in at least two, non-collinear directions. Also described are methods of performing a surgical procedure using the surgical retractors.

Abstract: A modular drill guide for use in securing a spinal fixation plate to a spine is provided. The drill guide generally includes a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end adapted to engage a spinal fixation plate, and at least one guide member removably and replaceably matable to the shaft. The guide member can have a connector member with at least one bore extending therethrough for receiving at least a portion of the shaft, and at least one barrel formed thereon and defining a lumen for receiving a tool, such as an awl, a drill bit, a fastener, or a driver device. The shaft can optionally be coupled to an elongate member having a proximal end and a distal end. The barrel(s) include a bore formed therethrough for receiving a tool.

Abstract: A modular drill guide for use in securing a spinal fixation plate to a spine is provided. The drill guide generally includes a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end adapted to engage a spinal fixation plate, and at least one guide member removably and replaceably matable to the shaft. The guide member can have a connector member with at least one bore extending therethrough for receiving at least a portion of the shaft, and at least one barrel formed thereon and defining a lumen for receiving a tool, such as an awl, a drill bit, a fastener, or a driver device. The shaft can optionally be coupled to an elongate member having a proximal end and a distal end. The barrel(s) include a bore formed therethrough for receiving a tool.