Abstract: Disclosed herein are related to an integrated circuit including a semiconductor layer. In one aspect, the semiconductor layer includes a first region, a second region, and a third region. The first region may include a circuit array, and the second region may include a set of interface circuits to operate the circuit array. A side of the first region may face a first side of the second region along a first direction. The third region may include a set of header circuits to provide power to the set of interface circuits through metal rails extending along a second direction. A side of the third region may face a second side of the second region along the second direction. In one aspect, the first side extending along the second direction is shorter than the second side extending along the first direction, and the metal rails are shorter than the first side.

Abstract: Hybrid hydrogels comprised of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and biocompatible conductive nanomaterials are disclosed. The hybrid hydrogels provide a more instructive microenvironment for proper cell and tissue development. The mechanical and electrical properties of the hydrogels can be tuned. The hydrogels can be used in bioinks for printing tissues in a high-throughput manner, and engineered tissues generated using the hybrid hydrogels can be utilized to assess biological activity of drug candidates.

Abstract: A circuit and method for a sense amplifier for sensing the charge stored when a select signal couples a memory cell to the sense amplifier. A pull up voltage and a pull down voltage are instantaneously supplied to the sense amplifier to sense the small signal differential input on the complementary bit lines and to simultaneously restore the value stored in the memory cell. A differential output signal generator circuit is provided to instantaneously supply the pull up and pull down voltages. In another preferred embodiment the signal generator provides the pull up and pull down voltages at a first level and subsequently increases the pull up voltage to a voltage greater than the positive supply voltage and decreases the pull down voltage. A method of sensing is disclosed wherein the sense and restore actions are performed instantaneously to provide memory cell sensing with greater tolerance of device mismatches.

Abstract: A circuit and method for a sense amplifier for sensing the charge stored when a select signal couples a memory cell to the sense amplifier. A pull up voltage and a pull down voltage are instantaneously supplied to the sense amplifier to sense the small signal differential input on the complementary bit lines and to simultaneously restore the value stored in the memory cell. A differential output signal generator circuit is provided to instantaneously supply the pull up and pull down voltages. In another preferred embodiment the signal generator provides the pull up and pull down voltages at a first level and subsequently increases the pull up voltage to a voltage greater than the positive supply voltage and decreases the pull down voltage. A method of sensing is disclosed wherein the sense and restore actions are performed instantaneously to provide memory cell sensing with greater tolerance of device mismatches.

Abstract: A temperature-dependent oscillator includes a first current source, wherein a first current provided by the first current source has a positive temperature coefficient, a second current source serially connected to the first current source, wherein a second current provided by the second current source has a negative temperature coefficient, and a capacitor serially connected to the first current source and parallel connected to the second current source.

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive current source includes a first MOS transistor having a source coupled to a first voltage; a second MOS transistor having a source coupled to the first voltage, and a gate coupled to a gate of the first MOS transistor, such that a current output at a drain of the second MOS transistor mirrors a current passing across the first MOS transistor; and a resistor coupled between the source and a drain of the first MOS transistor in parallel, such that the current passing across the first MOS transistor is substantially larger than a current passing through the resistor, wherein the first and second MOS transistors operate in a saturation mode, such that the output current at the drain of the second MOS transistor is responsive to a change of temperature.

Abstract: A temperature-dependent oscillator includes a first current source, wherein a first current provided by the first current source has a positive temperature coefficient, a second current source serially connected to the first current source, wherein a second current provided by the second current source has a negative temperature coefficient, and a capacitor serially connected to the first current source and parallel connected to the second current source.

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive current source includes a first MOS transistor having a source coupled to a first voltage; a second MOS transistor having a source coupled to the first voltage, and a gate coupled to a gate of the first MOS transistor, such that a current output at a drain of the second MOS transistor mirrors a current passing across the first MOS transistor; and a resistor coupled between the source and a drain of the first MOS transistor in parallel, such that the current passing across the first MOS transistor is substantially larger than a current passing through the resistor, wherein the first and second MOS transistors operate in a saturation mode, such that the output current at the drain of the second MOS transistor is responsive to a change of temperature.