Abstract: A catalytic reactor containing a core structure near the reactor axis and a casing structure near the reactor wall, the two structures differing from each other to promote catalysis and heat transfer, respectively. The casing contains a multiplicity of first devices for directing fluid centrifugally impinge a reactor wall and second devices for permitting fluid to flow away from a reactor wall as the fluid flows from the inlet to the outlet of the reactor.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor containing a core structure near the reactor axis and a casing structure near the reactor wall, the two structures differing from each other to promote catalysis and heat transfer, respectively. The casing contains a multiplicity of first devices for directing fluid centrifugally impinge a reactor wall and second devices for permitting fluid to flow away from a reactor wall as the fluid flows from the inlet to the outlet of the reactor.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor containing a core structure near the reactor axis and a casing structure near the reactor wall, the two structures differing from each other to promote catalysis and heat transfer, respectively. The casing contains a multiplicity of first devices for directing fluid centrifugally to impinge a reactor wall and second devices for permitting fluid to flow away from a reactor wall as the fluid flows from the inlet to the outlet of the reactor.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor containing a core structure near the reactor axis and a casing structure near the reactor wall, the two structures differing from each other to promote catalysis and heat transfer, respectively. The casing contains a multiplicity of first devices for directing fluid centrifugally to impinge a reactor wall and second devices for permitting fluid to flow away from a reactor wall as the fluid flows from the inlet to the outlet of the reactor.

Abstract: A method of decarburizing molten metal in the refining of steel using neural networks with a first neural network trained to analyze data representative of many process periods of one or more decarburization operations for providing an oxygen count for a preselected gas ratio of oxygen to diluent gas to cause the temperature of the molten metal bath to be decarburized to rise to a specified aim temperature and with a second neural network trained to analyze data representative of many process periods of one or more decarburization operations for providing an output schedule of oxygen counts to be injected into the bath to reduce the carbon level to a predetermined aim level in one or more successive stages corresponding to a preselected schedule of ratios of oxygen to diluent gas.

Abstract: A side-injected metal refining vessel having improved lining life having a defined refractory lining orientation in the area above a tuyere.

Abstract: A steel refining vessel having a defined relatively long and thin configuration, and a steel refining method, particularly suited for the refining of heats of steel weighing two tons or less while enabling excellent heat retention and gas-metal reactions during refining.

Abstract: A steel refining vessel having a defined relatively long and thin configuration, and a steel refining method, particularly suited for the refining of heats of steel weighing two tons or less while enabling excellent heat retention and gas-metal reactions during refining.