Abstract: An improved method of coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed in which the activation and coupling are carried out in the same vessel, in the presence of a carbodiimide in an amount greater than 1 equivalent as compared to the amino acid, in the presence of an activator additive, and at a temperature greater than 30° C.

Abstract: An improved method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. In particular the deprotecting composition is added in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle, and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle. Thereafter, the ambient pressure in the vessel is reduced with a vacuum pull to remove the deprotecting composition without any draining step and without otherwise adversely affecting the remaining materials in the vessel or causing problems in subsequent steps in the SPPS cycle.

Abstract: An improved method for coupling carboxylic acids and amines is disclosed that includes the steps of combining a hyper-acid sensitive linker connecting an amine and a resin, a carboxylic acid, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base, and carrying out the activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30° C.

Abstract: An improvement of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. The method includes the steps of adding the deprotection composition in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated amino acid from the preceding coupling cycle; and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle; and with the coupling solution at a temperature of at least 30° C.

Abstract: An improved method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. In particular the deprotecting composition is added in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle, and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle. Thereafter, the ambient pressure in the vessel is reduced with a vacuum pull to remove the deprotecting composition without any draining step and without otherwise adversely affecting the remaining materials in the vessel or causing problems in subsequent steps in the SPPS cycle.

Abstract: An improved method for coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed that includes the steps of combining an amino acid, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base at less than 1 equivalent compared to the amino acid to be activated; and carrying out the activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30° C.

Abstract: A method of measuring NMR response in an NMR instrument includes heating a sample at a heater temperature that is higher than the temperature of the interior of the NMR instrument, positioning the heated sample in the NMR instrument, and measuring the NMR response of the heat sample. Typically, the sample is dry and includes fat. Furthermore, a method of determining an amount of a component of a sample includes positioning a sample in an NMR instrument, applying a sequence of radio-frequency pulses to the sample, measuring the amplitudes of the signals produced by the application of the sequence of radio-frequency pulses, and determining the amount of a component in the sample using the measured amplitudes of the signals. The disclosed methods typically provide accurate analysis of samples in a shorter time period than traditional NMR techniques and solvent-based analysis techniques.

Abstract: An improved method of coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed in which the activation and coupling are carried out in the same vessel, in the presence of a carbodiimide in an amount greater than 1 equivalent as compared to the amino acid, in the presence of an activator additive, and at a temperature greater than 30° C.

Abstract: An improvement in of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. The method includes the steps of adding the deprotection composition in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated amino acid from the preceding coupling cycle; and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle; and with the coupling solution at a temperature of at least 30° C.

Abstract: An improved method for coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed that includes the steps of combining an amino acid, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base at less than 1 equivalent compared to the amino acid to be activated; and carrying out the activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30° C.

Abstract: An improved method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. In particular the deprotecting composition is added in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle, and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle. Thereafter, the ambient pressure in the vessel is reduced with a vacuum pull to remove the deprotecting composition without any draining step and without otherwise adversely affecting the remaining materials in the vessel or causing problems in subsequent steps in the SPPS cycle.

Abstract: An improved method for coupling carboxylic acids and amines is disclosed that includes the steps of combining a hyper-acid sensitive linker connecting an amine and a resin, a carboxylic acid, a carbodiimide, an activator additive, and a base, and carrying out the activation and coupling at a temperature greater than 30° C.

Abstract: A method of measuring NMR response in an NMR instrument includes heating a sample at a heater temperature that is higher than the temperature of the interior of the NMR instrument, positioning the heated sample in the NMR instrument, and measuring the NMR response of the heat sample. Typically, the sample is dry and includes fat. Furthermore, a method of determining an amount of a component of a sample includes positioning a sample in an NMR instrument, applying a sequence of radio-frequency pulses to the sample, measuring the amplitudes of the signals produced by the application of the sequence of radio-frequency pulses, and determining the amount of a component in the sample using the measured amplitudes of the signals. The disclosed methods typically provide accurate analysis of samples in a shorter time period than traditional NMR techniques and solvent-based analysis techniques.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for carrying out peptide synthesis comprising deprotecting an Fmoc-protected amino acid with piperazine while applying microwave irradiation to the deprotection reaction.

Abstract: A solid phase peptide synthesis method is disclosed. The method includes the steps of deprotecting an amino group in its protected form that is protected with a protecting group that includes an ?,?-unsaturated sulfone; washing the deprotected acid in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, and mixtures of water and alcohol; coupling the deprotected acid to a resin-based peptide or a resin-based amino acid; and washing the coupled composition in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, and mixtures of water and alcohol.

Abstract: A solid phase peptide synthesis method is disclosed. The method includes the steps of deprotecting an amino group in its protected form that is protected with a protecting group containing a Michael acceptor site composed of an ?,?-unsaturated sulfone in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, and mixtures of water and alcohol; washing the deprotected acid in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, and mixtures of water and alcohol; coupling the deprotected acid to a resin-based peptide or a resin-based amino acid in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, and mixtures of water and alcohol; and washing the coupled composition in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, and mixtures of water and alcohol.

Abstract: A system for microwave assisted high-throughput chemical processes is disclosed. The system includes a source of microwave radiation, a microwave cavity in communication with the source, and a microtiter plate in the cavity. The microtiter plate is formed of a microwave transparent material and includes a plurality of sample wells. A fluid chamber is defined by the interior of the four walls, the base, the profiles of the wells, and by the top surface of the microtiter plate. A microwave-moderating fluid in the chamber helps produce a more uniform microwave field among the individual wells in the microtiter plate when microwaves are applied in the cavity from the source.