Abstract: A system and method for applying force to at least one device by setting a target position of a pin with respect to the device, setting a target force that the pin will apply to the device, moving the pin towards the device, stopping the movement of the pin when the first of a force exerted on the device by the pin substantially equals the target force, or a position of the pin substantially equals the target position happens, and modifying the position of the pin to maintain the force of the pin on the device at substantially constant.

Abstract: A system and method for applying force to at least one device by setting a target position of a pin with respect to the device, setting a target force that the pin will apply to the device, moving the pin towards the device, stopping the movement of the pin when the first of a force exerted on the device by the pin substantially equals the target force, or a position of the pin substantially equals the target position happens, and modifying the position of the pin to maintain the force of the pin on the device at substantially constant.

Abstract: A system and method for printing cells in a medium. A multi-dimensional printer, stably constructed of low-mass parts, can include a computer numerically controlled system that can enable motors driving delivery systems. The motors can include encoders that can enable achieving arbitrary resolution. The motors can drive ballscrews to enable linear motion of delivery systems, and the delivery systems can enable printing of a biological material in a pre-selected pattern in a petri dish. The petri dish can accommodate a medium such as a gel, and can further accommodate a vision system that can detect actual position and deflection of the delivery system needle. The printer can accommodate multiple delivery systems and therefore multiple needles of various sizes.

Abstract: A pump for pumping fluid includes a tube platen, a plunger, a bias member, inlet and outlet valves, an actuator mechanism, a position sensor, and a processor. The plunger is configured for actuation toward and away from the infusion-tube when the tube platen is disposed opposite to the plunger. The tube platen can hold an intravenous infusion tube. The bias member is configured to urge the plunger toward the tube platen.

Abstract: A pump for pumping fluid includes a tube platen, a plunger, a bias member, inlet and outlet valves, an actuator mechanism, a position sensor, and a processor. The plunger is configured for actuation toward and away from the infusion-tube when the tube platen is disposed opposite to the plunger. The tube platen can hold an intravenous infusion tube. The bias member is configured to urge the plunger toward the tube platen.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a local network device transmits a connectivity verification protocol control message over a link to a remote network device to attempt to establish a connectivity verification protocol session with the remote network device. In response to non-receipt of a returned connectivity verification protocol control message from the remote network device, the local network device determines that there is an inability to establish a connectivity verification protocol session with the remote network device. The local network device then sends a connectivity verification protocol echo message over the link to the remote network device without establishment of a connectivity verification protocol session. The echo message is sent using a forwarding protocol.

Abstract: A pump for pumping fluid includes a tube platen, a plunger, a bias member, inlet and outlet valves, an actuator mechanism, a position sensor, and a processor. The plunger is configured for actuation toward and away from the infusion-tube when the tube platen is disposed opposite to the plunger. The tube platen can hold an intravenous infusion tube. The bias member is configured to urge the plunger toward the tube platen.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a local network device transmits a connectivity verification protocol control message over a link to a remote network device to attempt to establish a connectivity verification protocol session with the remote network device. In response to non-receipt of a returned connectivity verification protocol control message from the remote network device, the local network device determines that there is an inability to establish a connectivity verification protocol session with the remote network device. The local network device then sends a connectivity verification protocol echo message over the link to the remote network device without establishment of a connectivity verification protocol session. The echo message is sent using a forwarding protocol.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a local network device may determine an inability to establish a connectivity verification protocol (e.g., Bidirectional Forwarding Detection, “BFD”) session to a remote network device, such as from unreturned control messages. In response, the local network device may send at least one connectivity verification protocol echo message to the remote network device destined to be returned to the local network device and forwarded using a forwarding protocol. In response to receiving or not receiving the echo message, the local network device may thus determine whether the forwarding protocol is functioning between the local and remote network devices. In this manner, the local network device may determine whether an inability to establish a connectivity verification protocol session is due to an inability to forward packets between the devices, or due to the connectivity verification protocol not working (or not being configured) on the remote network device.

Abstract: A receiver circuit processes a received signal to determine information regarding a guard interval therein. The receiver circuit typically forms digital samples from the received signal; generates a correlation function with peaks at positions that are determined by the size of the guard interval and a position of the guard interval within the received signal. The receiver circuit includes one or more comb filters, each corresponding to a possible guard interval size, each receiving a series of locations at which the correlation function exceeds a predetermined threshold, and each producing an output that provides information about the guard interval size and/or position. This advantageously allows the receiver circuit to determine the guard interval size quickly, for example, even in the case of received signals with relatively low signal-noise ratio.

Abstract: A receiver circuit processes a received signal to determine information regarding a guard interval therein. The receiver circuit typically forms digital samples from the received signal; generates a correlation function with peaks at positions that are determined by the size of the guard interval and a position of the guard interval within the received signal. The receiver circuit includes one or more comb filters, each corresponding to a possible guard interval size, each receiving a series of locations at which the correlation function exceeds a predetermined threshold, and each producing an output that provides information about the guard interval size and/or position. This advantageously allows the receiver circuit to determine the guard interval size quickly, for example, even in the case of received signals with relatively low signal-noise ratio.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a local network device may determine an inability to establish a connectivity verification protocol (e.g., Bidirectional Forwarding Detection, “BFD”) session to a remote network device, such as from unreturned control messages. In response, the local network device may send at least one connectivity verification protocol echo message to the remote network device destined to be returned to the local network device and forwarded using a forwarding protocol. In response to receiving or not receiving the echo message, the local network device may thus determine whether the forwarding protocol is functioning between the local and remote network devices. In this manner, the local network device may determine whether an inability to establish a connectivity verification protocol session is due to an inability to forward packets between the devices, or due to the connectivity verification protocol not working (or not being configured) on the remote network device.

Abstract: A receiver circuit processes a received signal to determine information regarding a guard interval therein. The receiver circuit typically forms digital samples from the received signal; generates a correlation function with peaks at positions that are determined by the size of the guard interval and a position of the guard interval within the received signal. The receiver circuit includes one or more comb filters, each corresponding to a possible guard interval size, each receiving a series of locations at which the correlation function exceeds a predetermined threshold, and each producing an output that provides information about the guard interval size and/or position. This advantageously allows the receiver circuit to determine the guard interval size quickly, for example, even in the case of received signals with relatively low signal-noise ratio.

Abstract: A substrate holder is provided to move a slide containing a microarray of biomaterial through a biomaterial analysis process. The substrate holder includes a substrate loader that allows loading of slides into the substrate holder with minimal contact to the slide, thereby minimizing the amount of contamination on the slide. The substrate holder can be used to transport a microarray of DNA through array fabrication, hybridization and analysis stations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a demodulator circuit in a communication system is described. The invention relates to a demodulator circuit in a communication system using a multi-carrier modulation scheme. The demodulator makes efficient use of channel state information for respective carriers in the multi-carrier modulation to de-map the received data. An efficient method of calculating channel state information is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving radio frequency signals in a communication system is described. The inventive method and apparatus utilizes an inventive receiver circuit that downconverts an input signal so that interference components of the input signal can be easily removed at baseband. Specifically, the inventive receiver circuit operates by sub-sampling a first intermediate frequency signal in such a way that an unwanted signal is not aliased into a wanted signal, and can therefore be filtered therefrom after sub-sampling. Thus, the present invention allows the use of a relatively simple tuner, with a single downconversion stage, without imposing excessive requirements on the filtering in the tuner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that identifies the degree of correlation between a demodulated in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signal that represents phase imbalance between the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signal and corrects the imbalance.

Abstract: The invention provides a single chip implementation of a digital receiver for multicarrier signals that are transmitted by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Improved channel estimation and correction circuitry are provided. The receiver has highly accurate sampling rate control and frequency control circuitry. BCH decoding of tps data carriers is achieved with minimal resources with an arrangement that includes a small Galois field multiplier. An improved FFT window synchronization circuit is coupled to the resampling circuit for locating the boundary of the guard interval transmitted with the active frame of the signal. A real-time pipelined FFT processor is operationally associated with the FFT window synchronization circuit and operates with reduced memory requirements.

Abstract: A receiver circuit processes a received signal to determine information regarding a guard interval therein. The receiver circuit typically forms digital samples from the received signal; generates a correlation function with peaks at positions that are determined by the size of the guard interval and a position of the guard interval within the received signal. The receiver circuit includes one or more comb filters, each corresponding to a possible guard interval size, each receiving a series of locations at which the correlation function exceeds a predetermined threshold, and each producing an output that provides information about the guard interval size and/or position. This advantageously allows the receiver circuit to determine the guard interval size quickly, for example, even in the case of received signals with relatively low signal-noise ratio.

Abstract: The invention provides a single chip implementation of a digital receiver for multicarrier signals that are transmitted by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Improved channel estimation and correction circuitry are provided. The receiver has highly accurate sampling rate control and frequency control circuitry. BCH decoding of tps data carriers is achieved with minimal resources with an arrangement that includes a small Galois field multiplier. An improved FFT window synchronization circuit is coupled to the resampling circuit for locating the boundary of the guard interval transmitted with the active frame of the signal. A real-time pipelined FFT processor is operationally associated with the FFT window synchronization circuit and operates with reduced memory requirements.