Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for printing include a raster image processor that has a central processing unit (CPU) to decode graphical elements from a page description language (PDL); and a graphic processing unit (GPU) that is separate from, and coupled to, the CPU and renders the decoded graphical elements from the CPU into a raster.

Abstract: A method of printing a document comprising a plurality of pages, the plurality of pages comprising invariant data and variable data, wherein invariant data is data that is presented on each of at least two of the plurality of pages and variable data is data that is presented on only a single page, includes: a) for each page of the plurality of pages, determining whether invariant data, if any, on that page has been previously rendered to a raster and, if not, rendering the invariant data to a raster and using that raster, in c) below, for the invariant data when present on other pages of the plurality of pages; b) for each page of the plurality of pages, rendering, to a raster, variable data, if any, of that page; and c) for each page of the plurality of pages, merging the rasters rendered for the invariant data, if any, and variable data, if any, of that page.