Abstract: Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that include a conducting channel composed of a bilayer of a p-type organic mixed ionic and electronic conductor adjacent to an n-type organic mixed ionic and electronic conductor are provided. The bilayer channel of the OECTs exhibits anti-ambipolar (OFF-ON-OFF) switching upon the application of a gate voltage, whereby a current flows through the channel when both layers of the bilayer are in an “ON” (conducting) state, but not when either or both layers are in an “OFF” (non-conducting) state.

Abstract: A hybrid graphene material includes a functional group to expand the use of graphene in various applications. The hybrid material may include a substrate, such as silicon nanowires, where the graphene is fabricated on the surface of the substrate with an out-of-plane topography. Functional groups can be added to the graphene and affect the electrical, chemical, or photo characteristics of the hybrid material.

Abstract: Provided herein are citrate-based elastomeric materials comprising conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioythiophene) (PEDOT)-poly(1,8-octamethylene-citrate-co-octanol) (POCO), and methods of use therefor for medical applications, such as tissue engineering.

Abstract: The invention in one aspect relates to a conductive nanomaterial comprising acid-crystalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanoparticles (ncrys-PEDOTX) with intrinsic dispersibility.

Abstract: An engineered cell expressing a therapeutic agent and a reporter agent, the engineered cell comprising a first transgene containing a light sensing DNA sequence encoding a light sensing protein, and a second transgene containing a calcium activated promoter, a therapeutic agent DNA encoding a therapeutic agent, and a reporter agent DNA encoding a reporter agent.

Abstract: A bioelectronic implantable device includes engineered cells and an electronically controlled stimulator that regulates a quantity and timing of therapeutic agent produced by the engineered cells.

Abstract: A bioelectronic wearable device includes engineered cells and an electronically controlled stimulator that regulates a quantity and timing of therapeutic agent produced by the engineered cells.

Abstract: Cofacial vertical organic electrochemical transistor (vOECT) pairs, electronic circuits into which the vOECT pairs are integrated, and methods for fabricating the vOECT pairs are provided. The vOECTs pairs are formed from a vertically stacked structure that includes a first layer of an electrically conducting material, a first layer of an electrically insulating material, and a second layer of an electrically conducting material. The vOECTs of the pairs are formed on opposing sidewalls of a trench formed in the stacked structure.

Abstract: Biocompatible polymer hydrogel composite structures, methods of making the composite structures, and methods of using the composite structures as scaffolds for biological tissue growth and regeneration are provided. The methods for making the composite structures start with a porous high resolution three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold in which polymer precursors are infused and then polymerized in situ to form a water-soluble, electrically conducting polymer that is bonded to and/or entrapped within the hydrogel.

Abstract: Conjugated, electrically conducting polymers (CPs) with the ability to covalently graft onto collagen and collagenic materials are provided. Also provided are methods of functionalizing biological tissues and other biological substrates with the CPs, and methods of using the functionalized biological substrates as cell and tissue growth scaffolds that harness the passive therapeutic benefits of CPs and use the enhanced conductivity provided by the scaffolds to stimulate cell growth and proliferation through the bulk of the biological substrate.

Abstract: An implantable neural probe includes a flexible substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface. The probe has an elongated three dimensional shape with an exterior surface and an interior surface such that the exterior surface of the probe includes at least a portion of first surface of the flexible substrate and the interior surface of the probe includes at least a portion of the second surface of the flexible substrate. The probe may include an array of one or more neural stimulators disposed on the flexible substrate and configured to stimulate neurons. The probe may alternatively or additionally include an array of one or more neural sensors configured to sense brain neurons.

Abstract: A printed resistive gas detector configuration that is simple, inexpensive and compact, fabricated for incorporation into an electronic device, such as an electronic computing and/or communication device, the printed resistive gas detector configuration designed to continuously monitor for predetermined types of gasses. The printed resistive gas detector configuration manufactured by the use of printing technology to print on a flexible substrate.

Abstract: An implantable subsystem includes multiple implantable neural probes disposed on a flexible substrate. Each neural probe is configured to magnetically stimulate brain neurons. Each probe includes an array of magnetic neural stimulators that magnetically stimulate neurons. Each probe also includes neural probe activation circuitry comprising thin film switches disposed on the flexible substrate. The thin film switches are electrically coupled to row and column activation lines and selectively activate the magnetic neural stimulators in response to neural stimulation activation signals carried on the activation lines.

Abstract: A neural modulation system includes neural encoder in a patient-external device. The neural encoder converts input signals into a neural stimulation pattern and wirelessly transmits the neural stimulation pattern to a patient-internal device. The patient internal device includes a flexible substrate and a two dimensional array of neural probes disposed on the flexible substrate. Each neural probe includes an array of magnetic neural stimulators and/or an array of neural sensors along with probe addressing circuitry that allow for addressing the magnetic neural stimualtors and/or neural sensors. Control circuitry in the implantable device controls activation of the magnetic neural stimulators and/or neural sensors according to the neural stimulation pattern via the probe addressing circuitry.

Abstract: Electronic devices having two or more conductive contacts or terminals and methods of making the same. Including having a conducting interconnect line coated with an insulator stack (functionalized to be hydrophobic), cut—simultaneously allowing for one step, self-aligned, patterning of formed conducting contacts and the insulation stack. The combination of the cut in the insulation, along with the low surface energy of the insulating surface allow for active material to be deposited at the cut site defining the channel.

Abstract: An implantable neural probe includes a flexible substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface. The probe has an elongated three dimensional shape with an exterior surface and an interior surface such that the exterior surface of the probe includes at least a portion of first surface of the flexible substrate and the interior surface of the probe includes at least a portion of the second surface of the flexible substrate. The probe may include an array of one or more neural stimulators disposed on the flexible substrate and configured to stimulate neurons. The probe may alternatively or additionally include an array of one or more neural sensors configured to sense brain neurons.

Abstract: A neural modulation system includes neural encoder in a patient-external device. The neural encoder converts input signals into a neural stimulation pattern and wirelessly transmits the neural stimulation pattern to a patient-internal device. The patient internal device includes a flexible substrate and a two dimensional array of neural probes disposed on the flexible substrate. Each neural probe includes an array of magnetic neural stimulators and/or an array of neural sensors along with probe addressing circuitry that allow for addressing the magnetic neural stimualtors and/or neural sensors. Control circuitry in the implantable device controls activation of the magnetic neural stimulators and/or neural sensors according to the neural stimulation pattern via the probe addressing circuitry.

Abstract: An implantable subsystem includes multiple implantable neural probes disposed on a flexible substrate. Each neural probe is configured to magnetically stimulate brain neurons. Each probe includes an array of magnetic neural stimulators that magnetically stimulate neurons. Each probe also includes neural probe activation circuitry comprising thin film switches disposed on the flexible substrate. The thin film switches are electrically coupled to row and column activation lines and selectively activate the magnetic neural stimulators in response to neural stimulation activation signals carried on the activation lines.

Abstract: Electronic devices having two or more conductive contacts or terminals and methods of making the same. Including having a conducting interconnect line coated with an insulator stack (functionalized to be hydrophobic), cut—simultaneously allowing for one step, self-aligned, patterning of formed conducting contacts and the insulation stack. The combination of the cut in the insulation, along with the low surface energy of the insulating surface allow for active material to be deposited at the cut site defining the channel.

Abstract: A printed resistive gas detector configuration that is simple, inexpensive and compact, fabricated for incorporation into an electronic device, such as an electronic computing and/or communication device, the printed resistive gas detector configuration designed to continuously monitor for predetermined types of gasses. The printed resistive gas detector configuration manufactured by the use of printing technology to print on a flexible substrate.