Abstract: A high-voltage optical transformer may include (1) an array of light-emitting devices that are connected in parallel with one another and are electrically coupled to an electrical input, (2) a transfer medium, and (3) an array of photovoltaic cells that (A) are optically coupled to the array of light-emitting devices via the transfer medium, (B) are connected in series with one another, and (C) produce an electrical output whose voltage is higher than the electrical input. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A thermoplastic interposer formed of ordered polymer sheets that may be configured to act as an interconnect and as a thermal energy spreader. In examples, the thermoplastic interposer may include one or more extensions or wings to further dissipate heat. In examples, laser direct structuring (LDS) may be used to form or more through silicon vias (TSVs) or through-chip vias. In examples, the ordered polymer sheets may be extruded via a roll-to-roll process, stacked, and processed to form a laminate interposer structure that makes up the interposer. In examples, the thermoplastic interposer may be used in multi-layer structures interconnecting two or more board assemblies such as printed circuit boards (PCB)s.

Abstract: A liquid lens with flexible transparent active layers on both sides of a fluid is transformed along two distinct deformation axes. The flexible transparent active layers include piezoelectric materials that actuate the lens in response to applied voltage(s). The piezoelectric properties and actuation mechanism of the transparent layers are arranged to deform the lens cylindrically along different axes resulting in a net spherical deformation or a combination of spherical and cylindrical deformation with substantially less distortion than spherically deforming layers. The piezoelectric active layers may be polymer or ceramic with isotropic or anisotropic mechanical stiffness. Alternatively, a pair of transparent, internal layers are positioned between the front and rear surfaces. The active layers, front and/or rear, are dual layers affixed together with an adhesive or single layers.

Abstract: A mechanically and piezoelectrically anisotropic polymer article is formed from a crystallizable fluoropolymer and a nucleating agent. The polymer article may be a thin film or a fiber, for example. A crystalline phase may constitute at least approximately 50% of the polymer article. In certain examples, a fluoropolymer may include vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinyl fluoride. The polymer article may include up to approximately 10 wt. % of the nucleating agent. Such a polymer article is optically transparent, has an elastic modulus of at least approximately 3 GPa, and an electromechanical coupling factor (k31) of at least approximately 0.15.

Abstract: Angular sensors that may be used in eye-tracking systems are disclosed. An eye-tracking system may include a plurality of light sources to emit illumination light and a plurality of angular light sensors to receive returning light that is the illumination light reflecting from an eyebox region. The angular light sensors may output angular signals representing an angle of incidence of the returning light.

Abstract: A method of forming a high voltage optical transformer includes forming a via through a transparent carrier wafer, forming a conductive layer within the via, bonding a solid state lighting (SSL) package to a first side of the carrier wafer, and bonding a photovoltaic (PV) wafer to a second side of the carrier wafer opposite to the first side. The photovoltaic wafer may include an active area and a conductive area located outside of the active area that is in electrical contact with the conductive layer. The method further includes forming both an SSL contact with the solid state lighting package and a PV contact with the conductive layer on the same side of the carrier wafer.

Abstract: A device includes a light source to emit light and a light detector to receive the light emitted by the light source. The device may include a high voltage optical transformer and may be configured such that the light detector is laterally spaced away from the light source. In some architectures, the light source and the light detector may be arranged in a common plane. A photonic integrated circuit may be used to couple light emitted from the light source to the light detector.

Abstract: A step-down optical AC/DC transformer may include (1) an array of light-emitting devices that are disposed to be electrically coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source are connected in series with one another and (2) an array of photovoltaic cells that are optically coupled to the array of light-emitting devices and produce a direct current (DC) electrical output. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Mechanically and piezoelectrically anisotropic polymer fibers may be formed by spinning a polymer solution or gel that includes a high molecular weight crystallizable polymer and a liquid solvent. The solvent may be configured to interact with the polymer to facilitate chain alignment and, in some examples, create a higher crystalline content within the spun fibers. The polymer solution may also include a low molecular weight additive. The high and low molecular weight polymers may each be characterized by a bimodal molecular weight distribution where the molecular weight of the additive is less than the molecular weight of the crystallizable polymer. The polymer(s) and the additive(s) may be independently selected from vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, vinyl fluoride, etc. The spun fibers may be oriented, annealed, poled, and woven or laminated to form a polymer thin film having a high elastic modulus and a high electromechanical coupling factor.

Abstract: Disclosed devices may include a membrane having a membrane curvature, a substrate, an enclosure (defined at least in part by the membrane and the substrate) enclosing a fluid, a peripheral structure configured to adjust the membrane curvature, and a sensor configured to provide a sensor signal that is a function of the membrane curvature. The device may also include a controller configured to control the membrane curvature using a control signal. For example, the control signal may be provided to at least one actuator. The controller may receive a sensor signal from the sensor and modify the control signal based on the sensor signal. Examples also include associated methods and systems.

Abstract: An eye-tracking device includes an optical device that includes a light source with an optical cavity and a light sensor. The light source is positioned to output coherent light toward an eye of a user and receive at least a portion of the coherent light back from the eye of the user as feedback light. The feedback light enters the optical cavity and causes modulation of an intensity of the coherent light. The light sensor is optically coupled with the light source for detecting the modulated intensity of the coherent light and generating one or more signals based on the detected intensity of the coherent light. The eye-tracking device also includes one or more processors that are coupled to the optical device for determining, from the one or more signals, movement information of the eye. A method of detecting movement of an eye using the eye-tracking device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A configuration circuit may be used with a power converter. The configuration circuit dynamically reconfigures one or more connections of output stages of a power converter to vary the output. A capacitive load may receive the output of the power converter.

Abstract: A fluidic optical element includes a fluid bilayer having a first fluid layer and a second fluid layer defining a fluid interface therebetween, and an electrode disposed over a surface of the fluid bilayer. The geometry of the fluid interface and hence the optical response of the fluid bilayer to incident light may be manipulated using the principle of dielectrophoresis.

Abstract: A mechanically and piezoelectrically anisotropic polymer thin film may be formed by gel casting a solution that includes a crystallizable polymer and a liquid solvent. The solvent may be configured to interact with the polymer to facilitate chain alignment and, in some examples, create a higher crystalline content within the cast thin film. The thin film may also include up to approximately 90 wt. % of an additive and may be characterized by a bimodal molecular weight distribution of a crystallizable polymer where the molecular weight of the additive may be less than the molecular weight of the crystallizable polymer. In some examples, the polymer(s) and the additive(s) may be independently selected from vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, vinyl fluoride, etc. The anisotropic polymer thin film may be characterized by an electromechanical coupling factor (k31) of at least 0.1.

Abstract: An optical transformer includes a plurality of light emitters, a plurality of photovoltaic cells positioned to receive light from at least a first subset of the plurality of light emitters, the plurality of photovoltaic cells including at least a first photovoltaic cell and a second photovoltaic cell, and one or more optically triggered switches positioned to receive light from at least a second subset of the plurality of light emitters, the one or more optically triggered switches including at least a first optically triggered switch electrically coupled to the first photovoltaic cell and the second photovoltaic cell. A method of operating the optical transformer is also described.

Abstract: A transducer is described that includes a substrate configured to be deposited on a solid object, and a transparent medium coupled to the substrate and configured to oscillate at a pre-selected frequency upon receipt of an electrical excitation or a mechanical excitation and to provide a first acoustic wave. The transducer also includes an actuator configured to receive an electrical power, and to provide the electrical excitation or the mechanical excitation to the transparent medium, wherein at least a portion of the solid object is viewable through the transparent medium, and the first acoustic wave is at least partially transmitted through an interface of the transparent medium. A system and a non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions to cause the system to perform a method to use the transducer for generating acoustic waves in a transparent medium are also disclosed.

Abstract: Eyeglass devices may include a frame shaped and sized to be worn by a user at least partially in front of the user's eyes, a varifocal optical element mounted to the frame, and an eye-tracking element mounted to the frame. The varifocal optical element may include a substantially transparent actuator positioned at least partially within an optical aperture of the varifocal optical element and configured to alter a shape of the varifocal optical element upon actuation. The eye-tracking element may be configured to track at least a gaze direction of the user's eyes, and the varifocal optical element may be configured to change, based on information from the eye-tracking element, in at least one optical property including a focal distance. Various other devices, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Angular sensors that may be used in eye-tracking systems are disclosed. An eye-tracking system may include a plurality of light sources to emit illumination light and a plurality of angular light sensors to receive returning light that is the illumination light reflecting from an eyebox region. The angular light sensors may output angular signals representing an angle of incidence of the returning light.

Abstract: An optical transformer includes a light source and an array of photovoltaic cells optically coupled to the light source, where at least a portion of the photovoltaic cells are connected in series. An optical connector such as a waveguide or an optical fiber may be disposed between an output of the light source and an input of the array of photovoltaic cells. Configured to generate a high voltage output, the optical transformer may be configured to power a device such as an actuator that provides a tunable displacement as a function of voltage.

Abstract: A transducer is described that includes a substrate configured to be deposited on a solid object, and a transparent medium coupled to the substrate and configured to oscillate at a pre-selected frequency upon receipt of an electrical excitation or a mechanical excitation and to provide a first acoustic wave. The transducer also includes an actuator configured to receive an electrical power, and to provide the electrical excitation or the mechanical excitation to the transparent medium, wherein at least a portion of the solid object is viewable through the transparent medium, and the first acoustic wave is at least partially transmitted through an interface of the transparent medium. A system and a non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions to cause the system to perform a method to use the transducer for generating acoustic waves in a transparent medium are also disclosed.