Abstract: A method for creating trust shares in a physical commodity, the trust shares being tradable over an electronic communications network, includes receiving a creation order comprising a request to create the trust shares, confirming delivery into a trust account of an amount of physical commodity associated with the trust shares being requested, and releasing the requested trust shares based upon the amount of physical commodity delivered into the account. A method for redeeming trust shares associated with a physical commodity, the trust shares being tradable over an electronic communications network, includes receiving a redemption order comprising a request to redeem an amount of trust shares associated with an amount of the physical commodity held in a trust account, receiving the amount of the trust shares, and releasing from the trust account the amount of the physical commodity associated with the amount of the trust shares received.

Abstract: A method for creating trust shares in a physical commodity, the trust shares being tradable over an electronic communications network, includes receiving a creation order comprising a request to create the trust shares, confirming delivery into a trust account of an amount of physical commodity associated with the trust shares being requested, and releasing the requested trust shares based upon the amount of physical commodity delivered into the account. A method for redeeming trust shares associated with a physical commodity, the trust shares being tradable over an electronic communications network, includes receiving a redemption order comprising a request to redeem an amount of trust shares associated with an amount of the physical commodity held in a trust account, receiving the amount of the trust shares, and releasing from the trust account the amount of the physical commodity associated with the amount of the trust shares received.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, generation and use of multi-value-type instrument for an exchange may be facilitated. In some embodiments, two or more first currencies may be determined. A second currency with which the exchange operates may be determined. An instrument tradeable on the exchange may be generated such that (i) an asset value of the instrument is denominated in the two or more first currencies, (ii) a trading value of the instrument is denominated in the second currency, and (iii) the trading value fluctuates in response to changes in values of the two or more first currencies. The instrument may be provided the instrument through the exchange via an electronic data network.

Abstract: A method for creating trust shares in a physical commodity, the trust shares being tradable over an electronic communications network, includes receiving a creation order comprising a request to create the trust shares, confirming delivery into a trust account of an amount of physical commodity associated with the trust shares being requested, and releasing the requested trust shares based upon the amount of physical commodity delivered into the account. A method for redeeming trust shares associated with a physical commodity, the trust shares being tradable over an electronic communications network, includes receiving a redemption order comprising a request to redeem an amount of trust shares associated with an amount of the physical commodity held in a trust account, receiving the amount of the trust shares, and releasing from the trust account the amount of the physical commodity associated with the amount of the trust shares received.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a system and method manages custody and mitigates counterparty credit risk exposure associated with a trade of a financial instrument. A custodian computer system receives an initial margin payment from a pledgor and electronically posts initial margin or collateral payment in a custody account record maintained in the database. A control agreement between the pledgor and a secured party includes agreement details stored in the database. The dual-custody control agreement gives control of the custody account to the pledgor if the secured party defaults on trade obligations, and gives control of the custody account to the secured party if the pledgor defaults on trade obligations based upon default rules. In the event of default, a waiting period is imposed in accordance with the control agreement before the margin payment/collateral is returned to the non-defaulting party and reports are provided to parties involved with the financial transaction.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for mitigating counterparty credit risk exposure in a trade of a financial instrument between a pledgor and a secured party includes receiving at a custodian's computer system an initial margin payment from the pledgor or the secured party, and electronically posting the initial margin payment in a custody account record maintained in a database of the custodian's computer system. The method also includes storing information relating to a control agreement that gives control of the custody account to the pledgor if the secured party defaults on obligations related to the trade of the financial instrument, and wherein the control agreement gives control of the custody account to the secured party if the pledgor defaults on obligations related to the trade of the financial instrument. The method further includes investing the initial margin payment into one or more investment vehicles during a life of the trade.

Abstract: A method for creating trust shares in a physical commodity, the trust shares being tradable over an electronic communications network, includes receiving a creation order comprising a request to create the trust shares, confirming delivery into a trust account of an amount of physical commodity associated with the trust shares being requested, and releasing the requested trust shares based upon the amount of physical commodity delivered into the account. A method for redeeming trust shares associated with a physical commodity, the trust shares being tradable over an electronic communications network, includes receiving a redemption order comprising a request to redeem an amount of trust shares associated with an amount of the physical commodity held in a trust account, receiving the amount of the trust shares, and releasing from the trust account the amount of the physical commodity associated with the amount of the trust shares received.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a computerized system and method manages custody and mitigates counterparty credit risk exposure associated with a trade of a financial instrument. A custodian computer system is established that receives an initial margin payment from a pledgor and electronically posts the initial margin payment in a custody account record maintained in the database. A control agreement is established between the pledgor and a secured party with agreement details stored in the database. The dual-custody control agreement gives control of the custody account to the pledgor if the secured party defaults on trade obligations, and gives control of the custody account to the secured party if the pledgor defaults on trade obligations. During the life of the trade, the custodian may invest a current margin deposit in the custody account directly through the network into one or more investment vehicles to achieve a greater return.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a tradable (e.g., exchange-listed) instrument by securitizing foreign currency using a foreign currency trust or other special-purpose vehicle that is established to hold one or more particular foreign currency and to issue foreign currency trust shares and/or receipts corresponding to the value of the foreign currency(s) held by the Trust. The foreign currency trust shares may represent a proportional interest in the Trust and/or the foreign currency held by the trust. The Trust may include one or more Trust accounts to receive and store the foreign currency deposited with the Trust. The Trust can operate to receive an investment amount in a first currency and provide shares or Trust receipts having a value in a second currency. The shares or receipts of the trust can be listed, quoted, and traded on a trading system.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a tradable (e.g., exchange-listed) instrument by securitizing a commodity using a commodity trust or other special-purpose vehicle that is established to hold one or more physical commodities and to issue commodity trust shares and/or receipts corresponding to the value of the physical commodity held by the Trust. The commodity trust shares may represent a proportional interest in the Trust and/or the physical commodity held by the trust, e.g., precious metals such as gold, or base metals such as copper. The Trust may include one or more Trust accounts to receive and store the physical commodity deposited with the Trust. The shares or receipts of the trust can be listed, quoted, and traded on a trading system, e.g., an Electronics Communication Network (ECN), and may be traded as Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) shares on a securities exchange.

Abstract: A commodity trust is provided by a Trustee for a particular commodity. Commodity shares are backed by the Trustee's custody of the actual commodity. For example, commodity shares are created and issued when a trust participant deposits an amount of the commodity with the Trustee or a custodian acting on behalf of the Trustee. After confirmation of the receipt of the commodity, an amount of commodity shares is issued by the Trustee, which is equal in value to the value of the commodity.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a system and method manages custody and mitigates counterparty credit risk exposure associated with a trade of a financial instrument. A custodian computer system receives an initial margin payment from a pledgor and electronically posts initial margin or collateral payment in a custody account record maintained in the database. A control agreement between the pledgor and a secured party includes agreement details stored in the database. The dual-custody control agreement gives control of the custody account to the pledgor if the secured party defaults on trade obligations, and gives control of the custody account to the secured party if the pledgor defaults on trade obligations based upon default rules. In the event of default, a waiting period is imposed in accordance with the control agreement before the margin payment/collateral is returned to the non-defaulting party and reports are provided to parties involved with the financial transaction.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a tradable (e.g., exchange-listed) instrument by securitizing a commodity using a commodity trust or other special-purpose vehicle that is established to hold one or more physical commodities and to issue commodity trust shares and/or receipts corresponding to the value of the physical commodity held by the Trust. The commodity trust shares may represent a proportional interest in the Trust and/or the physical commodity held by the trust, e.g., precious metals such as gold, or base metals such as copper. The Trust may include one or more Trust accounts to receive and store the physical commodity deposited with the Trust. The shares or receipts of the trust can be listed, quoted, and traded on a trading system, e.g., an Electronics Communication Network (ECN), and may be traded as Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) shares on a securities exchange.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a computerized system and method manages custody and mitigates counterparty credit risk exposure associated with a trade of a financial instrument. A custodian computer system is established that receives an initial margin payment from a pledgor and electronically posts the initial margin payment in a custody account record maintained in the database. A control agreement is established between the pledgor and a secured party with agreement details stored in the database. The dual-custody control agreement gives control of the custody account to the pledgor if the secured party defaults on trade obligations, and gives control of the custody account to the secured party if the pledgor defaults on trade obligations. During the life of the trade, the custodian may invest a current margin deposit in the custody account directly through the network into one or more investment vehicles to achieve a greater return.