Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine block having a cylinder bore and a cylinder head having a flame deck surface disposed at one end of the cylinder bore. A piston connected to a rotatable crankshaft and configured to reciprocate within the cylinder bore has a piston crown portion facing the flame deck surface such that a combustion chamber is defined within the cylinder bore and between the piston crown and the flame deck surface. A fuel injector having a nozzle tip disposed in fluid communication with the combustion chamber has at least one nozzle opening configured to inject a fuel jet into the combustion chamber along a fuel jet centerline. At least one arcuate indent is formed in the top surface in aligned fashion with the fuel jet and including an entry surface, a recirculation surface and a wall.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine block having a cylinder bore and a cylinder head having a flame deck surface disposed at one end of the cylinder bore. A piston connected to a rotatable crankshaft and configured to reciprocate within the cylinder bore has a piston crown portion facing the flame deck surface such that a combustion chamber is defined within the cylinder bore and between the piston crown and the flame deck surface. A fuel injector having a nozzle tip disposed in fluid communication with the combustion chamber has at least one nozzle opening configured to inject a fuel jet into the combustion chamber along a fuel jet centerline. At least one arcuate indent is formed in the top surface in aligned fashion with the fuel jet and including an entry surface, a recirculation surface and a wall.

Abstract: A piston has a piston crown portion forming at least one arcuate indent in aligned fashion with a fuel jet discharged into a combustion chamber. Each arcuate event forms lobes, which separate the fuel jet into portions, or is tiered, to accommodate fuel jet portions being discharged into the combustion chamber at different times. Each lobe or tier includes an entry surface, a recirculation surface and a wall to separate it from adjacent lobes or tiers, respectively.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber having a piston, the piston having at least one arcuate indent of a first type formed in the top surface, and at least one arcuate indent of a second type, wherein the first type includes a first recirculation surface having a concave shape at a first radius and extending along a spiral direction adjacent the entry surface, and wherein the second type includes a second recirculation surface having a concave shape at a second radius that is smaller than the first radius. During operation, a fuel jet provided into the first type occupies a radially outward portion of the combustion chamber, and a fuel jet provided into the second type occupies a central portion of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A ducted combustion system for an internal combustion. The ducted combustion system includes a combustion chamber, a fuel injector in fluid communication with the combustion chamber and configured to inject a sequence of at least two fuel charges into a combustion chamber during a combustion cycle and one or more ducts disposed within the combustion chamber and configured to receive at least a part of the fuel charges.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for controlling a movable element in accordance with a speed command. The movable element, which may be an excavator swing platform, is moved via an actuator that is driven in accordance with a torque command. The speed of the movable element is sensed, and a torque command is generated via PID control based on the speed command and the sensed speed. The PID control uses a set of gains including a P-gain, an I-gain, and a D-gain. At least one of these gains is set based on a counter, and the counter is set, cleared, incremented, or decremented based on one or more of the speed command, the torque command and the sensed speed. In this way, the movable element responds aggressively to operator input, but stability is maintained.

Abstract: A system for controlling power in a machine includes an interface and a controller configured to receive a signal indicative of a requested hydraulic operation of a hydraulic actuator corresponding to a requested hydraulic power level. The controller is further configured to receive a signal indicative of a requested electric operation of the electric actuator corresponding to a requested electric power level. The controller is also configured to provide a signal for supplying electric power to the electric actuator less than the requested electric power level based on an electric power output ratio, and provide a signal for supplying hydraulic power to the hydraulic actuator less than the requested hydraulic power level based on a hydraulic power output ratio. At least one of the electric power output ratio and the hydraulic power output ratio is adjustable via the interface.

Abstract: A method of operating a combustion engine including causing an intake stroke in a first cylinder, causing a compression stroke in the first cylinder thereby creating pressurized fluid and releasing pressurized fluid from the first cylinder. The method further includes cooling the released fluid, directing the cooled fluid into a second cylinder over a first period of time and injecting fuel into the second cylinder over a second period of time whereby the first and second periods of time at least partially overlap.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for controlling power in a machine. The system includes a controller configured to determine a level of power to be provided or consumed by at least one of an electric device and a hydraulic device based on request signals, operation signals, and a control strategy for controlling at least one of electric power and hydraulic power for the machine, and provide control signals for controlling operation of the at least one device. The control strategy includes a subsystem control and a supervisory control. The subsystem control includes at least one of electric and hydraulic subsystem controls for controlling operation of at least one of an electric device and a hydraulic device. The subsystem control is configured to provide range signals indicative of at least one of a range of acceptable electric power levels and a range of acceptable hydraulic power levels, and the supervisory control is configured to determine the control signals.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for controlling a movable element in accordance with a speed command. The movable element, which may be an excavator swing platform, is moved via an actuator that is driven in accordance with a torque command. The speed of the movable element is sensed, and a torque command is generated via PID control based on the speed command and the sensed speed. The PID control uses a set of gains including a P-gain, an I-gain, and a D-gain. At least one of these gains is set based on a counter, and the counter is set, cleared, incremented, or decremented based on one or more of the speed command, the torque command and the sensed speed. In this way, the movable element responds aggressively to operator input, but stability is maintained.

Abstract: A system for controlling power in a machine includes a controller. The controller is configured to receive request signals indicative of requested operation of at least one of an electric device and a hydraulic device. The controller is further configured to determine a requested level of power required to meet the requested operation and determine an ability of the engine to supply the requested level of power. The controller is further configured to provide control signals to the at least one device to either supply power to the engine or receive power from the engine based on the ability of the engine to supply the requested level of power. The controller is also configured to provide control signals to the engine to control speed and output of the engine, wherein the control signals provided to the engine and the at least one device result in operation of the engine within a speed range of a target engine speed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for controlling power in a machine. The system includes a controller configured to determine a level of power to be provided or consumed by at least one of an electric device and a hydraulic device based on request signals, operation signals, and a control strategy for controlling at least one of electric power and hydraulic power for the machine, and provide control signals for controlling operation of the at least one device. The control strategy includes a subsystem control and a supervisory control. The subsystem control includes at least one of electric and hydraulic subsystem controls for controlling operation of at least one of an electric device and a hydraulic device. The subsystem control is configured to provide range signals indicative of at least one of a range of acceptable electric power levels and a range of acceptable hydraulic power levels, and the supervisory control is configured to determine the control signals.

Abstract: A system for controlling power in a machine includes a controller. The controller is configured to receive request signals indicative of requested operation of at least one of an electric device and a hydraulic device. The controller is further configured to determine a requested level of power required to meet the requested operation and determine an ability of the engine to supply the requested level of power. The controller is further configured to provide control signals to the at least one device to either supply power to the engine or receive power from the engine based on the ability of the engine to supply the requested level of power. The controller is also configured to provide control signals to the engine to control speed and output of the engine, wherein the control signals provided to the engine and the at least one device result in operation of the engine within a speed range of a target engine speed.

Abstract: A system for controlling power in a machine includes an interface and a controller configured to receive a signal indicative of a requested hydraulic operation of a hydraulic actuator corresponding to a requested hydraulic power level. The controller is further configured to receive a signal indicative of a requested electric operation of the electric actuator corresponding to a requested electric power level. The controller is also configured to provide a signal for supplying electric power to the electric actuator less than the requested electric power level based on an electric power output ratio, and provide a signal for supplying hydraulic power to the hydraulic actuator less than the requested hydraulic power level based on a hydraulic power output ratio. At least one of the electric power output ratio and the hydraulic power output ratio is adjustable via the interface.

Abstract: A system for controlling power in a machine includes a controller configured to compare at least one of the following: a combined requested power level of a sum of a requested hydraulic power level and a requested electric power level to a combined maximum available power level, the requested hydraulic power level to a maximum available hydraulic power level, and the requested electric power level to a maximum available electric power level. If at least one of the maximum available power levels is less than the respective requested power level, the controller is configured to provide a signal for supplying electric power to the electric actuator at a level less than the requested electric power level, and a signal for supplying hydraulic power to the hydraulic actuator at a level less than the requested hydraulic power level.

Abstract: A method of operating a combustion engine including causing an intake stroke in a first cylinder, causing a compression stroke in the first cylinder thereby creating pressurized fluid and releasing pressurized fluid from the first cylinder. The method further includes cooling the released fluid, directing the cooled fluid into a second cylinder over a first period of time and injecting fuel into the second cylinder over a second period of time whereby the first and second periods of time at least partially overlap.