Abstract: Provided is an electronic device having a control device, a driver circuit coupled to the control device. The driver circuit is configured to alter conductance. A partial power source is coupled to the control device and is configured to provide a voltage potential difference to the control device and the driver circuit as a result of the partial power source being in contact with a conductive fluid. The partial power source includes a first material electrically coupled to the control device and a second material electrically coupled to the control device and electrically isolated from the first material. An inductor is coupled to the driver circuit. The driver circuit is configured to develop a current through the inductor. The magnitude of the current developed through the inductor is varied to produce an encoded signal that is remotely detectable by a receiver. Receivers to receive and decode also are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device having a control device, a driver circuit coupled to the control device. The driver circuit is configured to alter conductance. A partial power source is coupled to the control device and is configured to provide a voltage potential difference to the control device and the driver circuit as a result of the partial power source being in contact with a conductive fluid. The partial power source includes a first material electrically coupled to the control device and a second material electrically coupled to the control device and electrically isolated from the first material. An inductor is coupled to the driver circuit. The driver circuit is configured to develop a current through the inductor. The magnitude of the current developed through the inductor is varied to produce an encoded signal that is remotely detectable by a receiver. Receivers to receive and decode also are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device having a control device, a driver circuit coupled to the control device. The driver circuit is configured to alter conductance. A partial power source is coupled to the control device and is configured to provide a voltage potential difference to the control device and the driver circuit as a result of the partial power source being in contact with a conductive fluid. The partial power source includes a first material electrically coupled to the control device and a second material electrically coupled to the control device and electrically isolated from the first material. An inductor is coupled to the driver circuit. The driver circuit is configured to develop a current through the inductor. The magnitude of the current developed through the inductor is varied to produce an encoded signal that is remotely detectable by a receiver. Receivers to receive and decode also are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are presented for resolving any interference, noise, and/or collisions caused by two or more ingestible event markers (IEMs) transmitting simultaneously or concurrently. Methods include techniques from the perspective of the IEM for randomly varying signal transmission characteristics in order to avoid collisions with other concurrently transmitting IEMs. Methods also include techniques from the perspective of a receiver for receiving multiple transmission signals from multiple IEMs and for resolving any interference or signal collisions.

Abstract: The system of the present invention includes a conductive element, an electronic component, and a partial power source in the form of dissimilar materials. Upon contact with a conducting fluid, a voltage potential is created and the power source is completed, which activates the system. The electronic component controls the conductance between the dissimilar materials to produce a unique current signature. The system can also measure the conditions of the environment surrounding the system.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus, system, and method for stabilizing battery voltage of a battery device while optimizing power delivered to a receiver during communication of a broadcast packet. A logic circuit is configured to receive a broadcast packet having a predetermined number of bits for communication by a controller to a receiver located remotely from the controller, determine a number of cycles in which a sampled battery voltage is either greater than or less than or equal to a nominal battery voltage over a first subset of the predetermined number of bits of the broadcast packet and performs either a tune-up or a tune-down procedure based on the number of cycles counted in which the sampled battery voltage is not equal to the nominal battery voltage for more than one half of a total number of cycles counted.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus, system, and method for stabilizing battery voltage of a battery device while optimizing power delivered to a receiver during communication of a broadcast packet. A logic circuit is configured to receive a broadcast packet having a predetermined number of bits for communication by a controller to a receiver located remotely from the controller, determine a number of cycles in which a sampled battery voltage is either greater than or less than or equal to a nominal battery voltage over a first subset of the predetermined number of bits of the broadcast packet and performs either a tune-up or a tune-down procedure based on the number of cycles counted in which the sampled battery voltage is not equal to the nominal battery voltage for more than one half of a total number of cycles counted.

Abstract: The system of the present invention includes a conductive element, an electronic component, and a partial power source in the form of dissimilar materials. Upon contact with a conducting fluid, a voltage potential is created and the power source is completed, which activates the system. The electronic component controls the conductance between the dissimilar materials to produce a unique current signature. The system can also measure the conditions of the environment surrounding the system.

Abstract: The system of the present invention includes a conductive element, an electronic component, and a partial power source in the form of dissimilar materials. Upon contact with a conducting fluid, a voltage potential is created and the power source is completed, which activates the system. The electronic component controls the conductance between the dissimilar materials to produce a unique current signature. The system can also measure the conditions of the environment surrounding the system.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention enable robust, reliable control functionality for effectors present on intraluminal, e.g., vascular leads, as well as other types of implantable devices. Aspects of the invention include implantable integrated circuits that have self-referencing and self-clocking signal encoding, and are capable of bidirectional communication. Also provided by the invention are effector assemblies that include the integrated circuits, as well as implantable medical devices, e.g., pulse generators that include the same, as well as systems and kits thereof and methods of using the same, e.g., in pacing applications, including cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) applications.

Abstract: The system of the present invention includes a conductive element, an electronic component, and a partial power source in the form of dissimilar materials. Upon contact with a conducting fluid, a voltage potential is created and the power source is completed, which activates the system. The electronic component controls the conductance between the dissimilar materials to produce a unique current signature. The system can also measure the conditions of the environment surrounding the system.

Abstract: Low voltage oscillators that provide a stable output frequency with varying supply voltage are provided. The subject oscillators find use in a variety of different types of devices, e.g., medical devices, including both implantable and ex-vivo devices.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention enable robust, reliable control functionality for effectors present on intraluminal, e.g., vascular leads, as well as other types of implantable devices. Aspects of the invention include implantable integrated circuits that have self-referencing and self-clocking signal encoding, and are capable of bidirectional communication. Also provided by the invention are effector assemblies that include the integrated circuits, as well as implantable medical devices, e.g., pulse generators that include the same, as well as systems and kits thereof and methods of using the same, e.g., in pacing applications, including cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) applications.

Abstract: Methods and systems for programming a plurality of leads under at least two distinct modalities are provided. The leads may be grouped within satellites and multiple satellites may be configured within a single lead. Each lead includes a power and communications bus providing commands, and information and pulses to the satellites. The leads may be connected to at least two different command and pulse sources, optionally a cardiac pacemaker and/or a cardiac pulse analyzer system. A command may include or be preceded by a wake-up pulse that facilitates identification of a modality applicable to the associated command and data. A command may further optionally include a reference pulse or series of reference pulses, whereby the satellite references data pulses in relation to one or more aspects of the associated reference pulse. A data pulse may deliver two bits of information.

Abstract: Low voltage oscillators that provide a stable output frequency with varying supply voltage are provided. The subject oscillators find use in a variety of different types of devices, e.g., medical devices, including both implantable and ex-vivo devices.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention enable robust, reliable control functionality for effectors present on intraluminal, e.g., vascular leads, as well as other types of implantable devices. Aspects of the invention include implantable integrated circuits that have self-referencing and self-clocking signal encoding, and are capable of bidirectional communication. Also provided by the invention are effector assemblies that include the integrated circuits, as well as implantable medical devices, e.g., pulse generators that include the same, as well as systems and kits thereof and methods of using the same, e.g., in pacing applications, including cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) applications.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention enable robust, reliable control functionality for effectors present on intraluminal, e.g., vascular leads, as well as other types of implantable devices. Aspects of the invention include implantable integrated circuits that have self-referencing and self-clocking signal encoding, and are capable of bidirectional communication. Also provided by the invention are effector assemblies that include the integrated circuits, as well as implantable medical devices, e.g., pulse generators that include the same, as well as systems and kits thereof and methods of using the same, e.g., in pacing applications, including cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) applications.

Abstract: An output buffer includes a continuously variable output impedance proportional to the load transmission line impedance. The buffer includes an output stage, such as a pullup/pulldown transistor, for receiving an input signal and generating an output signal on an output node in response thereto. In addition, the buffer includes a control circuit and a low-impedance driver in an electrical communication with the output node and, preferably, disposed in parallel with at least one of the pullup and/or pulldown transistors. The control circuit receives the output node voltage and generates a control signal on a control node that varies according to the magnitude of the output node voltage. The driver is biased by the control signal and has a conductivity that varies according to the control signal. The variations in the conductivity are operative to adjust the output impedance of the buffer.