Abstract: In various embodiments, a monolithic integrated transmitter, comprising an on-chip laser source and a modulator structure capable of generating advanced modulation format signals based on amplitude and phase modulation are described.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a monolithic integrated transmitter, comprising an on-chip laser source and a modulator structure capable of generating advanced modulation format signals based on amplitude and phase modulation are described.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a monolithic integrated transmitter, comprising an on-chip laser source and a modulator structure capable of generating advanced modulation format signals based on amplitude and phase modulation are described.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a coherent receiver including a widely tunable local oscillator laser are described herein. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can be integrated with waveguides, optical splitters and detectors to form a monolithic optical hetero/homodyne receiver. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can demodulate the full phase information in two polarizations of a received optical signal over a range of optical wavelengths.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a monolithic integrated transmitter, comprising an on-chip laser source and a modulator structure capable of generating advanced modulation format signals based on amplitude and phase modulation are described.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a coherent receiver including a widely tunable local oscillator laser are described herein. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can be integrated with waveguides, optical splitters and detectors to form a monolithic optical hetero/homodyne receiver. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can demodulate the full phase information in two polarizations of a received optical signal over a range of optical wavelengths.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a monolithic integrated transmitter, comprising an on-chip laser source and a modulator structure capable of generating advanced modulation format signals based on amplitude and phase modulation are described.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a coherent receiver including a widely tunable local oscillator laser are described herein. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can be integrated with waveguides, optical splitters and detectors to form a monolithic optical hetero/homodyne receiver. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can demodulate the full phase information in two polarizations of a received optical signal over a range of optical wavelengths.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an arrangement for generating fast wavelength-switched optical signal are described herein. In some embodiments, the arrangement can be integrated with lasers, optical waveguides, optical splitters and gates to form a fast wavelength switched monolithic optical source. In some embodiments, an optical modulator is incorporated into the arrangement to form a fast wavelength switched optical transmitter.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a coherent receiver including a widely tunable local oscillator laser are described herein. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can be integrated with waveguides, optical splitters and detectors to form a monolithic optical hetero/homodyne receiver. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can demodulate the full phase information in two polarizations of a received optical signal over a range of optical wavelengths.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a monolithic integrated transmitter, comprising an on-chip laser source and a modulator structure capable of generating advanced modulation format signals based on amplitude and phase modulation are described.

Abstract: An email system for securely sending an email message to a recipient comprising: one or more computers connected to the internet at least one of computer being suitable for receiving data identifying a recipient; a communicator for sending messages; an encryption engine configured to encrypt the email message using the encryption key to produce an encrypted email message; a computer of the one or more computers programmed to identifying an encryption key; a computer of the one or more computers programmed to identify a first contact identifier of the recipient based on data received by a computer of the one or more computers, and to determine a first address of the recipient from the first contact identifier; a computer of the one or more computers programmed to determine a second address of the recipient from data received by the input means or from the first contact identifier using a lookup table or database; wherein at least the first address is an email address and the email system is configured to send

Abstract: Various embodiments of a coherent receiver including a widely tunable local oscillator laser are described herein. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can be integrated with waveguides, optical splitters and detectors to form a monolithic optical hetero/homodyne receiver. In some embodiments, the coherent receiver can demodulate the full phase information in two polarizations of a received optical signal over a range of optical wavelengths.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a monolithic integrated transmitter, comprising an on-chip laser source and a modulator structure capable of generating advanced modulation format signals based on amplitude and phase modulation are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an axial two-stroke motor (100) which includes an integral turbocharger (308). The motor (100) includes more than two cylinders (101-105) arranged in a substantially circular arrangement about a longitudinal axis (305) of an engine block (106). A chamber is disposed in the engine block (106) which forms an exhaust duct (307) and an intake duct (306). The turbocharger (308) is disposed in the chamber so that it is substantially located within the engine block (106). An exhaust turbine (107) of the turbocharger (308) resides substantially in the exhaust duct (307) and a compressor turbine (200) resides substantially in the intake duct (306).