Abstract: A cognitive illusion of ownership over a proxy extremity (e.g. a hand) is provided by discordant touch and visual information to a user. While the user feels the touch on their real extremity, they see a corresponding touch on the proxy extremity. The user's internally modeled reality is then updated to move the felt location of the real extremity to the seen location of the proxy extremity. As a result, the user embodies the proxy extremity, thereby disembodying the real extremity. Pain associated with medical procedures performed on the real extremity is then mitigated. And because an epileptic brain is less stringent when resolving conflict between what is seen and what is felt, correlations in time or space can shift attribution of the sensation of the felt touch on the user's real extremity to the location of the proxy extremity. This can be helpful in treating and/or diagnosing epilepsy.

Abstract: A Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthoses (KAFO) brace mechanically generates a knee extensor moment and allows for a flexed knee during STS, allowing for reduced upper body demand to be placed on the patient. An orthosis comprises a femoral brace and a tibial brace connected together with a pivot to form a knee joint between the femoral brace and the tibial brace, and a knee extension moment generator at the knee joint. Also, a foot brace may be connected to the tibial brace to form an ankle joint with an ankle plantar flexion moment generator disposed about the ankle joint.