Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to implement calibration of convenience panel data to reduce behavioral bias are disclosed. Disclosed example apparatus include a distribution estimator to determine a first behavioral distribution for first convenience panel data associated with a first market and a measurement period, determine a second behavioral distribution for second convenience panel data associated with a second market and the measurement period, and determine a third behavioral distribution for probabilistic panel data associated with the second market and the measurement period.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to implement calibration of convenience panel data to reduce behavioral bias are disclosed. Disclosed example apparatus include a distribution estimator to determine a first behavioral distribution for first convenience panel data associated with a first market and a measurement period, determine a second behavioral distribution for second convenience panel data associated with a second market and the measurement period, and determine a third behavioral distribution for probabilistic panel data associated with the second market and the measurement period.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to correct age misattribution. Example disclosed apparatus includes an interface, machine readable instructions, and processor circuitry to at least one of instantiate or execute the machine readable instructions to transform audience measurement data to determine normalized training data, the training data including broad scores and targeted scores for a plurality of candidate models based on audience member records, identify validation scores associated with weighted averages of the broad scores and the targeted scores of the plurality of candidate models, select one of the plurality of candidate models to be an age-correction model based on the validation scores, and access a media impression received in a network communication from a server, the media impression including a reported age of a user associated with the media impression.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to implement calibration of convenience panel data to reduce behavioral bias are disclosed. Disclosed example apparatus include a distribution estimator to determine a first behavioral distribution for first convenience panel data associated with a first market and a measurement period, determine a second behavioral distribution for second convenience panel data associated with a second market and the measurement period, and determine a third behavioral distribution for probabilistic panel data associated with the second market and the measurement period.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to implement calibration of convenience panel data to reduce behavioral bias are disclosed. Disclosed example apparatus include a distribution estimator to determine a first behavioral distribution for first convenience panel data associated with a first market and a measurement period, determine a second behavioral distribution for second convenience panel data associated with a second market and the measurement period, and determine a third behavioral distribution for probabilistic panel data associated with the second market and the measurement period.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to implement calibration of convenience panel data to reduce behavioral bias are disclosed. Disclosed example apparatus include a distribution estimator to determine a first behavioral distribution for first convenience panel data associated with a first market and a measurement period, determine a second behavioral distribution for second convenience panel data associated with a second market and the measurement period, and determine a third behavioral distribution for probabilistic panel data associated with the second market and the measurement period.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to correct age misattribution. Example disclosed apparatus includes a model validator to determine respective broad scores and respective targeted scores for respective ones of a plurality of candidate models based on audience member records. A demographic retriever is to access a media impression received in a network communication from a first server, the media impression including a reported age of a user associated with the media impression. An age corrector is to determine a predicted age of the user with the selected age-correction model, and when an age misattribution error is non-zero, correct the age misattribution error in a reported age by assigning the predicted age to the media impression.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to correct age misattribution. Example disclosed methods include, for a plurality of candidate models, determining a first score for the candidate model based on audience member records stored in a first memory, determining a second score for the candidate model based on the audience member records stored in the first memory; and determining a third score based on a weighted average of the first score and the second score, the third score representative of the accuracy of the corrective model. The example methods include selecting one of the plurality of candidate models to be an age-correction model based on the third score. The example methods include correcting, based on the selected age-correction model, an age associated with the media impression stored in a second memory, the media impression indicative of a person being exposed to media presented by a media presentation device.

Abstract: The present invention, in one aspect, relates to a system for stimulating neural tissue of a living subject. The system comprises an energy source capable of generating optical energy, a connector having a first end and a second end capable of transmitting optical energy, and a probe operably coupled to the second end of the connector and having an end portion for delivering optical energy to a target neural tissue. In one embodiment, the energy source comprises a tunable laser.