Abstract: Disclosed are a mutant microorganism for producing succinic acid exhibiting improved activity of conversion of oxaloacetate to malate through the introduction of genes encoding a malate dehydrogenase, wherein an amino acid residue that interacts with a pyrophosphate moiety of NADH through an amide functional group of a main chain of malate dehydrogenase is glutamine (Gln), and a method of producing succinic acid using the same. The mutant microorganism producing succinic acid according to the present invention is capable of producing a high concentration of succinic acid at the highest productivity compared to other mutant microorganisms reported to date when the microorganism is cultured in a limited medium. In addition, the mutant microorganism is capable of producing succinic acid at higher productivity and product concentration through further advanced fermentation technology.

Abstract: Disclosed is a recombinant microorganism capable of growing using only carbon dioxide and formic acid by introducing and improving a metabolic pathway for synthesizing pyruvic acid from carbon dioxide and formic acid to enhance pyruvic acid synthesis efficiency and performing additional genetic manipulation, and a method for producing useful substances using the same. Advantageously, the recombinant microorganism is capable of synthesizing pyruvic acid, a C3 organic compound, at a remarkably improved rate, and in particular, grows well even in a medium containing only carbon dioxide and formic acid as carbon sources without a glucose supply, and is thereby capable of synthesizing pyruvic acid and various high value-added compounds using the same as an intermediate product in an economically efficient manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a recombinant microorganism capable of growing using only carbon dioxide and formic acid by introducing and improving a metabolic pathway for synthesizing pyruvic acid from carbon dioxide and formic acid to enhance pyruvic acid synthesis efficiency and performing additional genetic manipulation, and a method for producing useful substances using the same. Advantageously, the recombinant microorganism is capable of synthesizing pyruvic acid, a C3 organic compound, at a remarkably improved rate, and in particular, grows well even in a medium containing only carbon dioxide and formic acid as carbon sources without a glucose supply, and is thereby capable of synthesizing pyruvic acid and various high value-added compounds using the same as an intermediate product in an economically efficient manner.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mutant microorganism for producing succinic acid exhibiting improved activity of conversion of oxaloacetate to malate through the introduction of genes encoding a malate dehydrogenase, wherein an amino acid residue that interacts with a pyrophosphate moiety of NADH through an amide functional group of a main chain of malate dehydrogenase is glutamine (Gln), and a method of producing succinic acid using the same. The mutant microorganism producing succinic acid according to the present invention is capable of producing a high concentration of succinic acid at the highest productivity compared to other mutant microorganisms reported to date when the microorganism is cultured in a limited medium. In addition, the mutant microorganism is capable of producing succinic acid at higher productivity and product concentration through further advanced fermentation technology.

Abstract: A transfer unit of a test handler includes a base frame, a floating assembly, and an arm part. The base frame includes an inserted portion having a penetration hole. The inserted portion including an upper inserted portion disposed near an upper surface of the inserted portion, a lower portion disposed near a lower portion of the inserted portion and a middle inserted portion disposed between the upper inserted portion and the lower inserted portion. The floating assembly is inserted in the penetration hole of the base frame. The floating assembly includes a floating part, an elastic element, and a coupling element. The floating assembly moves back and forth, to left and right sides, and up and down, or flows within a predetermined angle range in the penetration hole.

Abstract: An apparatus for picking up one or more semiconductor devices includes a body having an air chamber that communicates with surroundings outside of the body and at least a first supply line through which compressed air is supplied into the air chamber, a pickup cylinder penetrating through the body and movably installed in the body, a suction pad being provided at an end portion of the pickup cylinder, and a power transformer secured to the pickup cylinder and transforming an air pressure of the air chamber to a driving force for driving the pickup cylinder.

Abstract: An apparatus for picking up one or more semiconductor devices includes a body having an air chamber that communicates with surroundings outside of the body and at least a first supply line through which compressed air is supplied into the air chamber, a pickup cylinder penetrating through the body and movably installed in the body, a suction pad being provided at an end portion of the pickup cylinder, and a power transformer secured to the pickup cylinder and transforming an air pressure of the air chamber to a driving force for driving the pickup cylinder.

Abstract: A transfer unit of a test handler includes a base frame, a floating assembly, and an arm part. The base frame includes an inserted portion having a penetration hole. The inserted portion including an upper inserted portion disposed near an upper surface of the inserted portion, a lower portion disposed near a lower portion of the inserted portion and a middle inserted portion disposed between the upper inserted portion and the lower inserted portion. The floating assembly is inserted in the penetration hole of the base frame. The floating assembly includes a floating part, an elastic element, and a coupling element. The floating assembly moves back and forth, to left and right sides, and up and down, or flows within a predetermined angle range in the penetration hole.

Abstract: A transfer unit of a test handler includes a base frame, a floating assembly, and an arm part. The base frame includes an inserted portion having a penetration hole. The inserted portion including an upper inserted portion disposed near an upper surface of the inserted portion, a lower portion disposed near a lower portion of the inserted portion and a middle inserted portion disposed between the upper inserted portion and the lower inserted portion. The floating assembly is inserted in the penetration hole of the base frame. The floating assembly includes a floating part, an elastic element, and a coupling element. The floating assembly moves back and forth, to left and right sides, and up and down, or flows within a predetermined angle range in the penetration hole.

Abstract: A transfer unit of a test handler includes a base frame, a floating assembly, and an arm part. The base frame includes an inserted portion having a penetration hole. The inserted portion including an upper inserted portion disposed near an upper surface of the inserted portion, a lower portion disposed near a lower portion of the inserted portion and a middle inserted portion disposed between the upper inserted portion and the lower inserted portion. The floating assembly is inserted in the penetration hole of the base frame. The floating assembly includes a floating part, an elastic element, and a coupling element. The floating assembly moves back and forth, to left and right sides, and up and down, or flows within a predetermined angle range in the penetration hole.

Abstract: A handler tray may include a tray body and a socket. The tray body may be configured to receive an object. The tray body with the object may be transferred to a test board. The tray body may be selectively interposed between the object and the test board to supply a test current from the test board to external terminals of the object. The socket may be formed on the tray body. The socket may electrically make contact with the external terminals of the object. Thus, a pick-up robot and an insert may be unnecessary, so that a test system and method of testing the object may have an optimally available space.