Abstract: An optical switch includes an optical source; a plurality of tunable optical resonators or tunable waveguides in optical communication with the optical source; and a tuning device configured to selectively route an optical beam from the optical source to at least one optical destination by tuning at least one of the optical resonators or tunable waveguides, in optical communication with at least one optical destination, to a wavelength characteristic of the optical beam.

Abstract: A display substrate includes an insulating substrate, a thin film transistor, a contact electrode, and a pixel electrode. The thin film transistor includes a control electrode, a semiconductor pattern, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The control electrode is on the insulating substrate. The semiconductor pattern is on the control electrode. The first electrode is on the semiconductor pattern. The second electrode is spaced apart from the first electrode on the semiconductor pattern. The contact electrode includes a contact portion and an undercut portion. The contact portion is electrically connected to the second electrode to partially expose the semiconductor pattern. The undercut portion is electrically connected to the contact portion to cover the semiconductor pattern. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode through the contact portion of the contact electrode.

Abstract: A stack fastening device includes a base, on an upper surface of which a stack is loaded, a compression plate, which has a flat configuration and is placed over the stack to press the stack, and a plurality of vertical beams, which are installed on the base to extend vertically so that the upper end portion of the beams projects out through the edge of the compression plate, A thread is formed in an upper end portion of each vertical beam, nuts are threadedly coupled to the thread such that the nuts can be tightened against upper and lower surfaces of the compression plate, and engagement grooves are defined in the upper surface of the compression plate so that a head of a hydraulic cylinder can be coupled to the compression plate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an ink jet head having a metal chamber layer includes preparing a substrate having pressure-generating elements to generate pressure to eject ink ejection. The metal chamber layer to define sidewalls of an ink flow path is then formed on the substrate. A sacrificial layer is formed to fill a region where the ink flow path is to be formed between the sidewalls defined by the metal chamber layer. A nozzle layer having nozzles corresponding to the pressure-generating elements is formed on the metal chamber layer and the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: A bit line sense amplifier and method thereof are provided. The example bit line sense amplifier may include a sense amplifying circuit coupled between a first bit line and a second bit line. The sense amplifying circuit may be configured to amplify a voltage difference between the first bit line and the second bit line. The example bit line sense amplifier may further include a power supply voltage providing circuit configured to provide a first power supply voltage and a second power supply voltage to the sense amplifying circuit in response to first and second bit line sensing control signals. The bit line sense amplifier may further include a bit line voltage compensation circuit configured to prevent a voltage-reduction at the first bit line and the second bit line for a delay period, the delay period including at least a period of time after a pre-charging of the first and second bit lines, in response to one or more of the first and second bit line sensing control signals.

Abstract: A ballistic electron surface-emitting device (BSD) emitter that can be used in a field emission display (FED). The emitter being made of metallic carbon nanotubes extending in a direction that is normal to a surface of the cathode. The carbon nanotubes are designed so that electrons therein can experience a ballistic effect where the mean free path between collisions is as large or larger than a length of the carbon nanotube and that the width of the carbon nanotube being a fermi wavelength. On an opposite end of the carbon nanotubes is a thin metal electrode layer and a thin insulating layer to protect the carbon nanotubes from damage.

Abstract: A micro manipulator for electrode movement, a driving method thereof, and a brain signal measuring device using the same are provided.

Abstract: In a digital camera including a digital signal processing portion processing a digital image and a display device displaying the image according to a digital signal from the digital signal processing portion, and a control portion controlling overall operation, after the user takes a picture, image data is analyzed by the digital signal processing portion to determine picture quality and, when it is determined that the picture quality is inadequate, the user is informed of information regarding the quality of the picture.

Abstract: An object based boundary refinement method for object segmentation in digital images receives an image and a single initial object region of interest and performs refinement zone definition using the initial object regions of interest to generate refinement zones output. A directional edge enhancement is performed using the input image and the refinement zones to generate directional enhanced region of interest output. A radial detection is performed using the input image the refinement zones and the directional enhanced region of interest to generate radial detection mask output. In addition, a final shaping is performed using the radial detection mask having single object region output.

Abstract: A recording/reproducing apparatus and an optical pickup actuator, and corresponding methods, for driving a bobbin in a focusing direction, a tracking direction or a tilting direction by use of a magnetic driving unit movably supported by a support member, where an object lens is mounted on the bobbin and a plurality of slits are formed on side walls of the bobbin. According to embodiments of the present invention, a secondary resonant frequency and a value of a secondary resonant peak are increased, thereby improving a gain margin.

Abstract: A method and a device for purifying 1,4-bis(bromodifluoromethyl)benzene are disclosed. In order to solve the problem of hard to purify and separate 1,4-bis(bromodifluoromethyl)benzene crude products, diphenylmethane that has a higher boiling point and does not interact with 1,4-bis(bromodifluoromethyl)benzene is mixed with the 1,4-bis(bromodifluoromethyl)benzene crude products for evaporation. Afterwards, the purity of the vaporized product is detected and only that reaching an expected purity is collected to obtain high-purity 1,4-bis(bromodifluoromethyl)benzene.

Abstract: A CMOS active pixel sensor includes a silicon-on-insulator substrate having a silicon substrate with an insulator layer formed thereon and a top silicon layer formed on the insulator layer. A stacked pixel sensor cell includes a bottom photodiode fabricated on the silicon substrate, for sensing light of a longest wavelength; a middle photodiode fabricated on the silicon substrate, for sensing light of a medium wavelength, which is stacked above the bottom photodiode; and a top photodiode fabricated on the top silicon layer, for sensing light of a shorter wavelength, which is stacked above the middle and bottom photodiodes. Pixel transistor sets are fabricated on the top silicon layer and are associated with each pixel sensor cell by electrical connections which extend between each of the photodiodes and respective pixel transistor(s). CMOS control circuitry is fabricated adjacent to an array of active pixel sensor cells and electrically connected thereto.

Abstract: Provided is a projection type stereoscopic display apparatus that can separately display far images and near images. The projection type stereoscopic display apparatus includes: a projector projecting a near image with first polarized light and a far image with second polarized light, which is different from the first polarized light of the near image, in a direction in which a viewer observes the near and far images; a front screen facing the projector, and allowing the near image with the first polarized light to be formed thereon and the far image with the second polarized light to be transmitted therethrough; and a rear screen spaced a predetermined distance apart from a rear surface of the front screen, and allowing the far image with the second polarized light transmitted through the front screen to be formed thereon, wherein the viewer positioned in front of the screen can simultaneously see the near image and the far image respectively formed on the front screen and the rear screen.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display using the same. The liquid crystal composition includes a polar compound and a low-viscosity compound. The liquid crystal display includes first and second substrates that face each other, and first and second electrodes disposed on the first and second substrates, respectively. A liquid crystal layer including the liquid crystal composition is disposed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, a first insulating layer on the gate electrode, a semiconductor layer on the gate electrode and separated from the gate electrode by the first insulating layer, the semiconductor layer including a channel region corresponding to the gate electrode, a source region, and a drain region, a hydrogen diffusion barrier layer on the semiconductor layer, the hydrogen diffusion barrier layer covering the channel region and exposing the source and drain regions, and a second insulation layer on the source and drain regions and on the hydrogen diffusion barrier layer, such that the hydrogen diffusion barrier layer is between the second insulation layer and the channel region.

Abstract: The present invention provides an internal fixer for an anchor having a releasable tensioning steel wire. The internal fixer of the present invention includes a first outer body (10), which is provided with a tube coupling hole (11), a body seating hole (13) and a wedge receiving body support means; and a wedge receiving body (30), which is seated in the body seating hole (13) and has a conical wedge seating hole (31), into which separated wedge bodies (41) are seated. The internal fixer further includes a wedge unit (40), which is seated in the wedge seating hole (31) of the wedge receiving body (30) and comprises the three separated wedge bodies (41); and a second outer body (20), which supports and covers both the wedge receiving body (30), which is seated in the body seating hole (13), and the wedge unit (40), which is placed in the wedge seating hole (31).

Abstract: Chemiluminescent acridinium compounds are used in homogeneous assays to determine the concentration of an analyte in a sample without strong acid or strong base treatment. The chemiluminescent acridinium compounds include acridinium esters with electron donating functional groups at the C2 and/or C7 position on the acridinium nucleus to inhibit pseudo-base formation, or acridinium sulfonamides with or without electron donating functional groups at the C2 and/or C7 position on the acridinium nucleus.

Abstract: A steam-vacuum cleaner with an electric power controlling function and a method thereof are provided. The steam-vacuum cleaner includes a suction motor which rotates to generate a suction force; a heater which emits heat to generate a steam; a power supply part which supplies an electric power to the suction motor and the heater; an electric power measuring part which measure a total electric power supplied from the power supplier and consumed in the suction motor and the heater; and a controller which controls at least one of a rotational velocity of the suction motor and a magnitude of heat emitted from the heater such that the total electric power of the suction motor and the heater is maintained less than a threshold value. Accordingly, steam and vacuum cleaning functions are simultaneously performed within the limit of power capacity of a wire.