Abstract: A mechanochemical ammonia synthesis method according to an embodiment includes: (a) ball-milling Fe particles with balls under a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere; and (b) ball-milling the Fe particles ball-milled under the nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, with balls under a hydrogen (H2) atmosphere.

Abstract: Embodiments of a switching regulator include a single inductor or two inductors connecting an input circuit and a multi-output end circuit that may drive different loads at different respective voltage levels. The input circuit may include a plurality of input switches, and may boost an input voltage or a ground voltage via operation in one of a plurality of selected modes such as a buck mode, a boost mode and a boost-buck mode, to thereby provide an applied voltage to the one or more inductors. Each selected mode may be based on a target voltage for one of a plurality of unit output ends (output load driving sections) in the multi-output end circuit. Output voltages may be monitored and on-times of switches controlled in the multi-output end circuit to maintain the output voltages in respective target ranges.

Abstract: A switching regulator configured to generate an output voltage from an input voltage, includes an inductor, an output capacitor configured to generate the output voltage based on a current passing through the inductor, a flying capacitor, and a plurality of switches. The plurality of switches are configured to operate in at least one of a buck-boost mode or a boost mode to, charge the flying capacitor to the input voltage in a first phase, and provide a boosted voltage from the flying capacitor to the inductor in a second phase, the boosted voltage being generated by charge pumping from the input voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst composite including a metal; and a nitrogen-containing porous 2D polymer carrier, and a method of manufacturing the catalyst composite. Accordingly, provided is a high-efficiency catalyst composite that does not depend on pH acid concentration using a nitrogen-containing porous two-dimensional (2D) polymer carrier and a low-cost metal.

Abstract: A switching regulator configured to generate a level-controlled output voltage from an input voltage, the switching regulator includes an inductor, an output capacitor configured to generate the level-controlled output voltage based on a current flowing through the inductor, at least two flying capacitors, and a plurality of switches configured to form electrical connections when the switching regulator operates in a first operating mode to, alternately charge each of the at least two flying capacitors using the input voltage, and provide a first boosted voltage to the inductor using a charged flying capacitor among the at least two flying capacitors.

Abstract: A switching regulator configured to generate an output voltage based on an input voltage is provided. The switching regulator includes: an inductor; and a capacitor circuit configured to generate the output voltage by charging an inductor current passing through the inductor from the input voltage, provide a first capacitance as a load capacitance based on the output voltage being a first level or a second level, and provide a second capacitance, which is less than the first capacitance, as the load capacitance based on the output voltage being between the first level to the second level.

Abstract: A switching regulator configured to generate a level-controlled output voltage from an input voltage, the switching regulator includes an inductor, an output capacitor configured to generate the level-controlled output voltage based on a current flowing through the inductor, at least two flying capacitors, and a plurality of switches configured to form electrical connections when the switching regulator operates in a first operating mode to, alternately charge each of the at least two flying capacitors using the input voltage, and provide a first boosted voltage to the inductor using a charged flying capacitor among the at least two flying capacitors.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst composite including a metal; and a nitrogen-containing porous 2D polymer carrier, and a method of manufacturing the catalyst composite. Accordingly, provided is a high-efficiency catalyst composite that does not depend on pH acid concentration using a nitrogen-containing porous two-dimensional (2D) polymer carrier and a low-cost metal.

Abstract: A switching regulator configured to generate an output voltage from an input voltage, includes an inductor, an output capacitor configured to generate the output voltage based on a current passing through the inductor, a flying capacitor, and a plurality of switches. The plurality of switches are configured to operate in at least one of a buck-boost mode or a boost mode to, charge the flying capacitor to the input voltage in a first phase, and provide a boosted voltage from the flying capacitor to the inductor in a second phase, the boosted voltage being generated by charge pumping from the input voltage.

Abstract: A switching regulator configured to generate an output voltage from an input voltage, includes an inductor, an output capacitor configured to generate the output voltage based on a current passing through the inductor, a flying capacitor, and a plurality of switches. The plurality of switches are configured to operate in at least one of a buck-boost mode or a boost mode to, charge the flying capacitor to the input voltage in a first phase, and provide a boosted voltage from the flying capacitor to the inductor in a second phase, the boosted voltage being generated by charge pumping from the input voltage.

Abstract: A switching regulator configured to generate an output voltage based on an input voltage is provided. The switching regulator includes: an inductor; and a capacitor circuit configured to generate the output voltage by charging an inductor current passing through the inductor from the input voltage, provide a first capacitance as a load capacitance based on the output voltage being a first level or a second level, and provide a second capacitance, which is less than the first capacitance, as the load capacitance based on the output voltage being between the first level to the second level.

Abstract: Disclosed is an edge-functionalized graphitic material manufactured by using a mechanochemical process. The edge-functionalized graphitic material is manufactured by pulverizing graphite in the presence of a variety of atmospheric agents in the form of gas phase, liquid phase, or solid phase. The edge-functionalized graphitic material, which is a precursor applicable into various fields, is expected to replace the prior art oxidized graphite.

Abstract: Disclosed are boron/nitrogen co-doped graphene for semiconductor applications and a method for producing the same. The boron/nitrogen co-doping allows the use of the doped graphene in a wider variety of applications, including semiconductors. In contrast, graphene structures produced by conventional methods have good physical, chemical, and electrical stability but cannot be used in semiconductor applications due to the absence of band gaps therein. In addition, the boron/nitrogen co-doping makes the doped graphene highly dispersible in organic solvents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing edge-functionalized graphite with phosphoric acid. According to the method, graphite is pulverized into smaller pieces and is then exposed to an atmosphere containing oxygen and water. The method enables the production of graphite functionalized with phosphoric acid groups, which could not be achieved by conventional mechanochemical methods. In addition, the method is carried out in a very simple and economical manner and is suitable for large-scale production.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing edge-functionalized graphite or graphene with fluoro groups. According to the method, graphite is pulverized into smaller pieces and is then allowed to react with a surrounding material containing fluorine or a fluorocarbon compound. The method enables the production of graphite or graphene functionalized with fluoro groups, which could not be achieved by conventional mechanochemical methods. In addition, the method is carried out in a very simple and economical manner and is suitable for large-scale production.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for exfoliation of graphene, comprising a chamber which has a through-hole formed at one surface thereof; a cylinder which receives graphite and a volatile material to be vaporized at room temperature and has an opening to be corresponding to the through-hole of the chamber, and which is disposed at an outside of the chamber; a clamp which is disposed in the chamber to pass through the through-hole of the chamber and thus selectively seal the opening of the cylinder; and an operation mechanism which is connected with the clamp and moves the clamp so that the opening of the cylinder is selectively sealed by the clamp. Therefore, it is not necessary to use an acid like sulfuric acid, and it is also not necessary to perform a thermal treatment process for removing sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The present invention includes novel ether-ketone hyperbranched polymers that are prepared from polymerizing trimesic acid and bifunctional phenylether-based liquid or low-melting monomers, which melt at or below polymerization temperature. The resulting copolymer has repeating units of the formula: wherein m is the degree of polymerization; n has a value of 0-5; the ratio x:y corresponds to the molar ratio of trimesic acid and arylether monomer and may range from 1.0:1.0 to 1.0:1.5 (i.e. x=1, y=1.0, 1.1, 1.2 . . . 1.5); and the substitution pattern of the arylether segment may be para or meta. The endgroups may be carboxylic acid (—CO2H), oxyphenyl (—OPh), or mixture of both moieties, depending on the reaction ratio x:y used. The total number of endgroups is typically defined by m+1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing edge-functionalized graphite with phosphoric acid. According to the method, graphite is pulverized into smaller pieces and is then exposed to an atmosphere containing oxygen and water. The method enables the production of graphite functionalized with phosphoric acid groups, which could not be achieved by conventional mechanochemical methods. In addition, the method is carried out in a very simple and economical manner and is suitable for large-scale production.

Abstract: Disclosed is & melted for producing edge-functionalized graphite or graphene with fluoro groups. According to the method, graphite is pulverized into smaller pieces and is then, allowed to react with a surrounding material containing fluorine or a fluorocarbon compound. The method enables the production of graphite or grapheme functionalized with fluoro groups, which could not be achieved by conventional mechanochemical methods. In addition, the method is carried out in a very simple and economical manner and is suitable for large-scale production.

Abstract: Disclosed are boron/nitrogen co-doped graphene for semiconductor applications and a method for producing the same. The boron/nitrogen co-doping allows the use of the doped graphene in a wider variety of applications, including semiconductors. In contrast, graphene structures produced by conventional methods have good physical, chemical, and electrical stability but cannot be used in semiconductor applications due to the absence of band gaps therein. In addition, the boron/nitrogen co-doping makes the doped graphene highly dispersible in organic solvents.