Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a discharge pressure of a fluid includes: a pump configured to suck the fluid through an inlet or to discharge the sucked fluid through an outlet; a distributor connected to the pump and to an injection nozzle provided by a sensor and configured to distribute the fluid discharged from the pump to the sensor; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the pump to operate selectively in accordance with detection of contamination of the sensor and to control operation of the distributor to be forcibly delayed during operation of the pump such that the fluid distributed to the sensor, when detected as being contaminated, is controlled to reach a selected required discharge pressure of different required discharge pressures selected in accordance with water amount information and a degree of contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on a winding axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes a first active material portion coated with an active material layer and a first uncoated portion not coated with an active material layer along a winding direction. At least a part of the first uncoated portion is defined as an electrode tab by itself. The first uncoated portion includes a first portion adjacent to the core of the electrode assembly, a second portion adjacent to the outer circumference of the electrode assembly, and a third portion interposed between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion or the second portion has a smaller height than the third portion in the winding axis direction.

Abstract: A memory storage device that performs real-time monitoring is provided. The memory storage device comprises a memory controller, and a status indicating module/circuit, wherein the memory controller is configured to perform a first a second initialization operation, the first and second initialization operations performed in response to turning-on of the memory storage device, to generate a first status parameter regarding a status of the memory storage device in which the first initialization operation is performed, and to generate a second status parameter regarding the status of the memory storage device in which a second initialization operation is performed. The status indicating circuit includes a first transistor configured to operate on the basis of the first status parameter, a first resistor connected to the first transistor, a second transistor configured to operate on the basis of the second status parameter, and a second resistor connected to the second transistor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on an axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes an uncoated portion at a long side end thereof and exposed out of the separator along a winding axis direction of the electrode assembly. A part of the uncoated portion is bent in a radial direction of the electrode assembly to form a bending surface region that includes overlapping layers of the uncoated portion, and in a partial region of the bending surface region, the number of stacked layers of the uncoated portion is 10 or more in the winding axis direction of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor die, includes forming an interlayer dielectric layer on a substrate having a semiconductor die region, a seal-ring region, and a scribe line region, forming a metal pad and a test pad on the interlayer dielectric layer, forming a passivation dielectric layer on the interlayer dielectric layer, the metal pad, and the test pad, first etching the passivation dielectric layer and the interlayer dielectric layer existing between the seal-ring region and the scribe line region to a predetermined depth using a plasma etching process, second etching the passivation dielectric layer to expose the metal pad and the test pad, forming a bump on the metal pad, and dicing the substrate while removing the scribe line region by mechanical sawing.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including a plurality of dielectric layers and a plurality of internal electrodes stacked in a first direction, and external electrodes, wherein the body includes an active portion, a side margin portion covering at least one of a first surface and a second surface of the active portion opposing each other in a second direction, and a cover portion covering the active portion in the first direction, respective dielectric layers among the plurality of dielectric layers include a barium titanate-based composition, the dielectric layer of the side margin portion includes Sn, and a content of Sn in the dielectric layer of the side margin portion is different from that of Sn in the dielectric layer of the active portion, and the dielectric layer of the side margin portion includes at least some grains having a core-shell structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for providing language learning services. The method of providing language learning services, according to the present invention, the method may include: activating, in response to receiving an input for acquiring a learning target image through a user terminal, a camera of the user terminal; specifying at least a portion of an image taken by the camera as the learning target image; receiving language learning information for the learning target image from a server; providing the language learning information to the user terminal; and storing, based on a request for storing of the language learning information, the language learning information in association with the learning target image, such that the learning target image is used in conjunction with learning of the language learning information.

Abstract: Provided is an overlay mark. The overlay mark comprises a substrate, a lower overlay in the substrate, a pattern layer on the substrate, and an upper overlay defining an opening on the pattern layer. The lower overlay does not overlap the upper overlay in a thickness direction of the substrate.

Abstract: A capacitor component includes a body including dielectric layers, first and second internal electrodes, laminated in a first direction, facing each other, and first and second cover portions, disposed on outermost portions of the first and second internal electrodes, and first and second external electrodes, respectively disposed on both external surfaces of the body in a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction, and respectively connected to the first and second internal electrodes. An indentation including a glass is disposed at at least one of boundaries between the first internal electrodes and the first external electrode or one of boundaries between the second internal electrodes and the second external electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an image by skip encoding. The image-encoding method by skip encoding, which performs intra-prediction, comprises: performing a filtering operation on the signal which is reconstructed prior to an encoding object signal in an encoding object image; using the filtered reconstructed signal to generate a prediction signal for the encoding object signal; setting the generated prediction signal as a reconstruction signal for the encoding object signal; and not encoding the residual signal which can be generated on the basis of the difference between the encoding object signal and the prediction signal, thereby performing skip encoding on the encoding object signal.

Abstract: When used as an active ingredient, bornyl acetate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the present invention exhibits the effects of alleviating behavioral scales in an animal model, inhibiting the activation of microglia and the generation of inflammatory factors (COX-2 and iNOS), and lowering nerve excitability for responsiveness to cell-neural stimuli. Thus, bornyl acetate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is found to have an excellent stress modulating potential and to be useful for the prevention and treatment of stress-related diseases, especially, depression, thereby finding advantageous applications in related industries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel crystalline acid salt of a tricyclic derivative or a hydrate thereof and a production method thereof. The crystalline acid salt or the hydrate thereof according to the present invention is stable with respect to humidity and stable with respect to hygroscopicity, and the quality control during manufacturing drugs is favorable. In addition, the crystalline acid salt or the hydrate thereof may be used in a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neuropathic pain, epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, chronic and acute pain, ischemic brain injury, neuronal loss after hypoxia, trauma and nerve damage, which are medical conditions induced by PARP overactivity.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes lipid nanoparticles which include two or more of a phospholipid, cholesterol, and an ionic lipid, and a tricyclic derivative, wherein the solubility of the tricyclic derivative is improved. It is possible to solubilize a partially soluble tricyclic derivative in a high concentration even without using a solubilization aid harmful to the human body, to maintain improved solubility even if water is added for the use as an injection, and to show stability even if stored for a long time, by preparing lipid nanoparticles. Therefore, the lipid nanoparticles of the present invention can be used for preparing a pharmaceutical preparation containing a partially soluble tricyclic derivative as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel crystalline acid salt of a tricyclic derivative or a hydrate thereof and a production method thereof. The crystalline acid salt or the hydrate thereof according to the present invention is stable with respect to humidity and stable with respect to hygroscopicity, and the quality control during manufacturing drugs is favorable. In addition, the crystalline acid salt or the hydrate thereof may be used in a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neuropathic pain, epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, chronic and acute pain, ischemic brain injury, neuronal loss after hypoxia, trauma and nerve damage, which are medical conditions induced by PARP overactivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel tricyclic derivative with efficient inhibitory activity against poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The tricyclic derivative of the invention is useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by excess PARP activity, especially neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a tricyclic derivative, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a tricyclic derivative intermediate with high yield and purity, the method including: introducing a hydroxy group by esterifying and substituting 2-fluoroisophthalic acid compound; introducing a piperidyl group; introducing a hydroxy group through reduction reaction; and then hydrolyzing the resultant compound, and to a method for preparing the tricyclic derivative using said intermediate. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to provide a tricyclic derivative and an intermediate thereof with high productivity and economic feasibility as well as high purity and yield, by purifying a compound using re-crystallization unlike typical methods of using column chromatography.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes lipid nanoparticles which include two or more of a phospholipid, cholesterol, and an ionic lipid, and a tricyclic derivative, wherein the solubility of the tricyclic derivative is improved. It is possible to solubilize a partially soluble tricyclic derivative in a high concentration even without using a solubilization aid harmful to the human body, to maintain improved solubility even if water is added for the use as an injection, and to show stability even if stored for a long time, by preparing lipid nanoparticles. Therefore, the lipid nanoparticles of the present invention can be used for preparing a pharmaceutical preparation containing a partially soluble tricyclic derivative as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a tricyclic derivative, and more particulary, to a method for preparing a tricyclic derivative inetermediate with high yield and purity, the method including: introducing a hydroxy group by esterifying and substituting 2-fluoroisophthalic acid compound; introducing a piperidyl group; introducing a hydroxy group through reduction reaction; and then hydrolyzing the resultant compound, and to a method for preparing the tricyclic derivative using said intermediate. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to provide a tricyclic derivative and an intermediate thereof with high productivity and economic feasibility as well as high purity and yield, by purifying a compound using re-crystallization unlike typical methods of using column chromatography.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel tricyclic derivative with efficient inhibitory activity against poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The tricyclic derivative of the invention is useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by excess PARP activity, especially neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases.

Abstract: A multi-chip stack package does not include a die pad. The elimination of the die pad provides more room for elements in the package which. Thus, a balanced inner package structure can be achieved, and a poor molding which may expose one of the package elements can be avoided. In the package, an upper chip is bonded to the top surface of a lower chip. To stabilize the chips, auxiliary or inner leads of a lead frame attach to the top surface of a lower chip. This shortens wire lengths between the chips and the inner leads. The shorter wires reduce wire loop heights and thus reduce the probability of exposing wires in a subsequent transfer-molding. A multi-chip stack package which includes an auxiliary lead(s) is also disclosed. The auxiliary leads attach to the top surface of the lower chip and can provide a stable support of a semiconductor chip and prevent the chip from tilting and shifting in transfer-molding. An auxiliary lead can be between the lower and upper chips.