Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate, wherein the moving area of electrons between source and drain electrodes of a thin film transistor (TFT) is minimized, the moving distance of electrons is increased, and the sizes of capacitors defined by a gate electrode together with the respective source and drain electrodes are identical to each other so that an off current generated when the TFT is off can be minimized; a method of manufacturing the thin film transistor substrate; and a mask for manufacturing the thin film transistor substrate. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize an off current induced due to a phenomenon of electron trapping by light.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method of gamma correction, and more particularly, an apparatus and method for varying a gamma curve according to a brightness level of a detected image signal to adaptively perform gamma correction, in a digital image processor. The gamma correction apparatus in the digital image processor includes a brightness level detector detecting a brightness level from an image signal generated by capturing an image, a gamma curve calculator moving a start point and/or an end point of an existing gamma curve for correcting an input brightness level to a predetermined output brightness level, according to the detected brightness level, and calculating a new gamma curve, and a gamma corrector correcting an input brightness level of the image signal using the new gamma curve, and outputting the corrected brightness level.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a plurality of pixel blocks, each pixel block of the plurality of pixel blocks including a first pixel electrode connected to a first switching element and a second pixel electrode connected to a second switching element; gate lines which extend along a first direction and include a first gate line connected to the first switching element and a second gate line connected to the second switching element; and data lines which extend along a second direction intersecting the first direction. A gate voltage is applied to the first gate line before the second gate line, and the first pixel electrode of each of the pixel blocks displays a same color.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. The liquid crystal display includes a pixel array having a plurality of pixels in a matrix on a substrate. First and second pixels are adjacent to each other along a first direction. The first and second pixels each include first and second switching elements. A first common gate line extends in a second direction different from the first direction and is commonly connected to the first and second switching elements. First and second data lines extend in the first direction and are connected to the first and second switching elements, respectively.

Abstract: A pull-up driving part maintains a signal of a first node at a high level by receiving a turn-on voltage in response to one of a previous stage or a vertical start signal. A pull-up part outputs a clock signal through an output terminal in response to the signal of the first node. A first holding part maintains a signal of a second node at a high level or a low level when the signal of the first node is respectively low or high. A second holding part maintains the signal of the first node and a signal of the output terminal at a ground voltage in response to the signal of the second node or a delayed and inverted clock signal.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate, wherein the moving area of electrons between source and drain electrodes of a thin film transistor (TFT) is minimized, the moving distance of electrons is increased, and the sizes of capacitors defined by a gate electrode together with the respective source and drain electrodes are identical to each other so that an off current generated when the TFT is off can be minimized; a method of manufacturing the thin film transistor substrate; and a mask for manufacturing the thin film transistor substrate. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize an off current induced due to a phenomenon of electron trapping by light.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate includes; a substrate, a plurality of gate lines disposed on the substrate, a plurality of data lines disposed substantially perpendicular to the gate lines, wherein the plurality of data liens include a plurality of outermost data lines, a plurality of thin film transistors (“TFTs”) connected to the gate and data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes connected to the plurality of TFTs, and a plurality of dummy patterns connected to the outermost data lines.

Abstract: A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of pixels including switching elements; a plurality of pairs of first and second gate lines connected to the switching elements and separated from each other, transmitting a gate-on voltage for turning on the switching elements; and a plurality of data lines connected to the switching elements, transmitting data signals, wherein each pair of first and second gate lines is disposed between two adjacent pixel rows and is connected to one of the pixel rows.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for purifying a crude naphthalene dicarboxylic acid using microorganism. According to the purification method, a crude naphthalene dicarboxylic acid is purified by reacting a microorganism having the ability to convert 2-formyl-6-naphthoic acid to 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid with a crude naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, adding an acidic solution to the reaction solution under particular conditions, stirring the mixed solution to crystallize the crude naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, washing the crystallized crude naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and drying the washed product to obtain 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid in a pure crystalline form. Advantageously, the purification method enable production of high-purity crystalline 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid on an industrial scale in an environmentally friendly manner.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate capable of appropriately maintaining driving performance even when there is a difference between manufacturing processes and a method of manufacturing the same. The thin film transistor substrate includes: a gate electrode formed on an insulating substrate; a semiconductor layer formed on the gate electrode; and a plurality of thin film transistors each having a source electrode and a drain electrode that are formed on the gate electrode and the semiconductor layer so as to be spaced apart from each other. At least one of the plurality of thin film transistors is a dummy thin film transistor that does not have the semiconductor layer between the source electrode and the drain electrode.

Abstract: A substrate for a display panel includes a base substrate, a plurality of signal lines, a plurality of signal pads corresponding to first end portions of the signal lines, a shorting bar corresponding to second end portions of the signal lines, a plurality of bridge lines on the base substrate disposed between the signal line and the shorting bar which electrically connects the signal line and the shorting bar. A color filter array panel opposite a TFT LCD panel substrate includes a medium dam layer which fully overlaps the bridge lines of the TFT LCD panel substrate. A data TFT for inspection having a source electrode coupled to the signal line, a drain electrode coupled to any one of the shorting bars, and a gate electrode coupled to a data TFT driving signal line ensures the normal operation of the display panel after the array test.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display that is subject to pixel-high defects due to manufacturing anomalies is provided with programmable repair means for each pixel electrode. In one embodiment, a transistor-array substrate is provided with plural gate lines that are separated from each other by a first interval, plural data lines that are insulated from the gate lines while crossing the gate lines, and separated from each other by a second interval larger than the first interval, thereby defining plural pixel areas. Each pixel area has a corresponding pixel unit comprising a switching device, pixel electrode, and repair electrode. The repair electrode branches from a neighboring gate line and extends such that the repair electrode is in overlapping spaced-apart relation with the pixel electrode and selectively connectable to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed there between. The first substrate is provided with gate lines and data lines thereon. The gate lines and data lines cross with each other and are insulated from each other. Pixel electrodes are stacked on the gate lines and data lines. Each pixel electrode includes first and second sub-pixel electrodes spaced apart from each other and a connection electrode, which connects the first sub-pixel electrode to the second sub-pixel electrode. The second substrate is provided with a common electrode thereon. The common electrode includes a first domain divider formed on the center of the first sub-pixel electrode and a second domain divider formed on the center of the second sub-pixel electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a novel microorganism and a method for purifying 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid with high purity using the microorganism. The microorganism is Pseudomonas sp. Strain HN-72 isolated from soil and has the ability to convert 2-formyl-6-naphthoic acid contained as an impurity in a crude naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, which is an oxidation product of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, to 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid. The Pseudomonas sp. strain HN-72 has excellent effects in producing high-purity 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid in high yield.

Abstract: A memory card system and related write method are disclosed. The method includes receiving a write request for a predetermined page; performing a write operation on a first log block that corresponds to a first data block including the page; receiving an update request for the page; and performing a write operation on a second log block that corresponds to the first data block. The memory card system includes: at least one non-volatile memory including a data block and a log block for updating the data block; and a memory controller controlling an operation of the non-volatile memory. During a write operation for a predetermined page, the controller controls writing of a first log block corresponding to a first data block including the predetermined page, and controls writing of a second log block during an update operation of the predetermined page.

Abstract: A gate driving circuit includes cascaded stages, each including a pull-up part, a carry part, a pull-up driving part, a holding part and an inverter. The pull-up part pulls up a gate voltage to an input clock. The carry part pulls up a carry voltage to the input clock. The pull-up driving part is connected to a control terminal (Q-node) common to the carry part and the pull-up part, and receives a previous carry voltage from a previous stage to turn on the pull-up part and the carry part. The holding part holds the gate voltage at an off-voltage, and the inverter controls at least one of turning on the holding part and turning off the holding part based on an inverter clock. A high level of the inverter clock in a given horizontal period (1H) temporally precedes a high level of the input clock by a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed there between. The first substrate is provided with gate lines and data lines thereon. The gate lines and data lines cross with each other and are insulated from each other. Pixel electrodes are stacked on the gate lines and data lines. Each pixel electrode includes first and second sub-pixel electrodes spaced apart from each other and a connection electrode, which connects the first sub-pixel electrode to the second sub-pixel electrode. The second substrate is provided with a common electrode thereon. The common electrode includes a first domain divider formed on the center of the first sub-pixel electrode and a second domain divider formed on the center of the second sub-pixel electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a lens-interchangeable digital photographing apparatus that can use a suitable lens according to a photographing circumstance, a method of controlling the lens-interchangeable digital photographing apparatus, and a recording medium having recorded therein a program for the method. The lens-interchangeable digital photographing apparatus includes a photographing circumstance analysis unit, a lens suitability determination unit for determining whether a lens installed in the digital photographing apparatus is suitable for a photographing circumstance, a lens search unit for searching for lenses suitable for a photographing circumstance, and a display unit. If the lens suitability determination unit determines that the installed lens is not suitable for the photographing circumstance, lenses suitable for the photographing circumstance analyzed by the photographing circumstance analysis unit from among lenses searched by the lens search unit are displayed on the display unit to be recommended.

Abstract: A digital camera with a viewfinder, an image displaying method on the viewfinder, and a photographing method with the digital camera are provided. The digital camera includes: a lens unit receiving the image light of an object and forming an image; a photoelectric conversion device converting the formed image into an electrical signal; a viewfinder changing the path of the light passing through the lens unit so that a user can observe the object; a special effect unit disposed in the path of light of the viewfinder and producing a special effect on an image to be displayed on the viewfinder; and a control unit connected to the photoelectric conversion device and the special effect unit and driving the special effect unit according to a selected special effect mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of controlling a digital image processing device in order to reduce power consumption by automatically recognizing a state in which power of a display device can be turned off or the display device can operate in a power saving mode, and in that case, turning off the display device or operating the display device in the power saving mode. The apparatus for controlling a digital image processing device includes: a motion sensing unit sensing a motion of the digital image processing device; and a control unit operating the digital image processing device in a power saving mode when it is determined that the digital image processing device moves.