Abstract: A wafer manufacturing method, an epitaxial wafer manufacturing method, and a wafer and epitaxial wafer manufactured thereby, are provided. The wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of a wafer with a low density of micropipe defects and minimum numbers of particles and scratches. The epitaxial wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of an epitaxial wafer that has low densities of defects such as downfall, triangular, and carrot defects, exhibits excellent device characteristics, and improves the yield of devices.

Abstract: A wafer manufacturing method, an epitaxial wafer manufacturing method, and a wafer and epitaxial wafer manufactured thereby, are provided. The wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of a wafer with a low density of micropipe defects and minimum numbers of particles and scratches. The epitaxial wafer manufacturing method enables the manufacture of an epitaxial wafer that has low densities of defects such as downfall, triangular, and carrot defects, exhibits excellent device characteristics, and improves the yield of devices.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing a program and method for providing a reply interface for a media content item within a messaging system. The program and method provide for receiving, by a messaging application, first user input corresponding to a request for a content feed, the content feed comprising a plurality of media content items; providing, in response to receiving the first user input, for display of the content feed; receiving, by the messaging application, second user input of a swipe gesture performed with respect to display of a media content item of the plurality of media content items; and providing, in response to receiving the second user input, for display of a reply interface together with display of the media content item, the reply interface for sending a reply message to a user associated with the media content item.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing a program and method for displaying content feeds within a messaging system. The program and method provide for receiving, by a messaging application associated with a user, user input corresponding to a request for a first content feed, the first content feed comprising a first plurality of media content items provided by one or more friends of the user; providing for display of the first content feed; determining, by the messaging application, that display of the first content feed is complete; and providing, in response to determining that display of the first content feed is complete, for display of a second content feed, the second content feed comprising a second plurality of media content items provided by one or more content providers to which the user subscribes with respect to the messaging application.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing a program and method for displaying a profile from a content feed within a messaging system. The program and method provide for receiving by a messaging application, first user input corresponding to a request for a content feed, the content feed comprising a plurality of media content items; providing, in response to receiving the first user input, for display of the content feed; receiving, by the messaging application, second user input of a predefined gesture performed with respect to a first media content item of the plurality of media content items; determining, in response to receiving the second user input and based on the first media content item, to display a public profile associated with the first media content item; and providing, based on the determining, for display of the public profile.

Abstract: A method of attaching heterogeneous materials comprising pretreating the surface of a metal plate with an aromatic compound containing a pyrogallol group to bind the pyrogallol group to the surface of the metal plate and coating the pyrogallol-group-bound metal plate with a polymer resin, thereby greatly improving the adhesive strength between the metal plate and the polymer resin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of attaching heterogeneous materials, for example, a metal plate and a polymer resin, by greatly improving the adhesive strength between the heterogeneous materials, for example, the metal plate and the polymer resin. Particularly, the method may include pretreating the surface of a metal plate with an aromatic compound containing a pyrogallol group to bind the pyrogallol group to the surface of the metal plate and coating the pyrogallol-group-bound metal plate with a polymer resin, thereby greatly improving the adhesive strength between the metal plate and the polymer resin through a simple process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer substrate that contains polycrystalline pores formed on a surface thereof and a method of preparing the same by a surface treatment. The polymer of the present invention contains, on its surface, pores with a polycrystalline structure, and, thus, it exhibits hydrophobicity that accounts for a high fouling resistance. Not only that, the hydrophobicity provides the polymer substrate with the ability for mechanical adhesion in the formation of an adhesive interface, resulting in an excellent adhesive strength. Also, the method of surface treatment to prepare such a substrate is advantageous in that it can treat a large area of a surface economically while not using substances that are harmful to the human body and environment.

Abstract: An oral preparation including: a porous disintegrative template; and an active ingredient supported in the pores of the disintegrative template, is excellent in physical/chemical stability, processibility, and fast-acting property as compared to the existing dosage form, and may block unpleasantness due to a bitter taste during the internal use and meet the medicine-taking compliance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dental composition, comprising unsaturated double bond-containing monomers and/or oligomers, a catalytic amount of polymerization initiator to initiate polymerization, and a filler, wherein the dental composition comprises an organic nanotube containing an antibacterial or anticariogenic material to inhibit or prevent tooth decay. The dental composition comprises an organic nanotube containing an antibacterial or anticariogenic material, thus uniformly and continuously exhibiting anticariogenic and antibacterial activities, while avoiding deterioration in physical properties required for the dental material.

Abstract: A polymer or polymer composite membrane having through-thickness micropores and a method of preparing the same are provided. More particularly, a polymer or polymer composite membrane having a pore structure such that micropores are aligned in a mesh structure in the thickness direction of the polymer or polymer composite membrane due to unidirectional freezing in the thickness direction of a solvent. The membrane has through-thickness micropores, and thus has improved permeability in the thickness direction and superior uniformity in size of the micropores and wall thickness between the micropores. For these reasons, the membrane can be used for a porous membrane substrate, microfiltration membrane, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for preparing a powder containing a nanoparticulated sparingly soluble drug, a powder prepared thereby, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The disclosed method includes: providing a uniformly dispersed solution of a sparingly soluble drug which is formed into nanoparticles in the presence of a surface stabilizer; mixing the uniformly dispersed solution with a water-soluble dispersant solution; and drying the mixed solution to obtain the powder. When the powder containing the nanoparticulated sparingly soluble drug obtained by the disclosed method is redispersed in an aqueous solution, the sparingly soluble drug retains a particle size in the nano scale while the solubility and the dissolution rate of the drug are increased, thereby providing enhanced bioavailability. Consequently, the present disclosure can be useful in the development of preparations of a sparingly soluble drug for oral or parenteral administration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dental composition, comprising unsaturated double bond-containing monomers and/or oligomers, a catalytic amount of polymerization initiator to initiate polymerization, and a filler, wherein the dental composition comprises an organic nanotube containing an antibacterial or anticariogenic material to inhibit or prevent tooth decay. The dental composition comprises an organic nanotube containing an antibacterial or anticariogenic material, thus uniformly and continuously exhibiting anticariogenic and antibacterial activities, while avoiding deterioration in physical properties required for the dental material.

Abstract: A powder comprising nanoparticles of a sparingly water-soluble drug prepared in accordance with the present invention exhibits enhanced bioavailability without generating adverse side effects caused by impurities, while the nano-particle size of the drug remains unchanged when administered. Accordingly, the powder can be useful for the development of a formulation of a sparingly water-soluble drug for oral and parenteral administration.