Abstract: A scaffold according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is for cartilage regeneration. The scaffold may include a plurality of linear nano-patterns aligned in one direction, and stem cells adhered to the plurality of linear nano-patterns. The scaffold may improve regeneration and maturity of the cartilage, thereby being effectively used in treatment of cartilage defects.

Abstract: A patient-customized surgical instrument used to form a surgical site in a tibia for implantation of an implant into the tibia, and a surgical module using the same. A body part is coupled to the tibia to surround a portion of the tibia. A cutting-member insertion window is formed through a side of the body part to receive a cutting member that is inserted to form a cutting plane of the tibia. A position setting hole is formed through the upper side of the body part to receive and guide a post recess forming member that is used to form a post recess in the tibia. A post of the tibia element is received in the post recess. A surgical site can be accurately and easily formed in a damaged tibia.

Abstract: A peptide has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The peptide exhibits the activity of a differentiation factor by promoting differentiation by acting on osteoblasts or vascular endothelial cells. Additionally, the peptide can be used for ameliorating or treating the diseases or conditions of effectiveness of osteogenic differentiation factor or bone morphogenetic factor or vascularization factor.

Abstract: A peptide has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The peptide exhibits the activity of a differentiation factor by promoting differentiation by acting on osteoblasts or vascular endothelial cells. Additionally, the peptide can be used for ameliorating or treating the diseases or conditions of effectiveness of osteogenic differentiation factor or bone morphogenetic factor or vascularization factor.

Abstract: A patient-customized surgical instrument used to form a surgical site in a tibia for implantation of an implant into the tibia, and a surgical module using the same. A body part is coupled to the tibia to surround a portion of the tibia. A cutting-member insertion window is formed through a side of the body part to receive a cutting member that is inserted to form a cutting plane of the tibia. A position setting hole is formed through the upper side of the body part to receive and guide a post recess forming member that is used to form a post recess in the tibia. A post of the tibia element is received in the post recess. A surgical site can be accurately and easily formed in a damaged tibia.