Abstract: A liquid delivery apparatus for the intrathecal delivery of one or more medications to a patient is disclosed. The liquid delivery apparatus generally includes a liquid reservoir, a liquid metering unit fluidly connected to the liquid reservoir, and a catheter delivery tube fluidly connected to the liquid metering unit. Preferably, the liquid delivery apparatus includes two or more liquid reservoirs. In various embodiments, the liquid reservoir includes a deformable balloon and a compressive sleeve spring as a pressure source, the liquid metering unit is a piezoelectrically actuated microvalve, and/or diagnostic sensors are included in the apparatus. The disclosed apparatus are compact, volume-efficient, energy-efficient, capable of delivering accurate fluid volumes, and address problems associated with multi-medication therapies. Methods of operating the liquid delivery apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention discloses a 3-terminal noise filter for preventing electro-magnetic interferences, and a process for manufacturing thereof. A lead wire is bent into an M shaped structure, with a depressed portion being formed on the upper portion of the M shape structure. A separate lead is disposed as a capacitor lead, and the bottom of the depressed portion and the leading end of the capacitor lead are pressed into first and second flat portions. Then a capacitor is soldered on the first and second flat portions. The man-hours for the manufacturing of the filter are reduced, and the mechanical and electrical characteristics are stabilized, and the manufacturing cost is saved by the use of low cost materials.