Abstract: Provided is an alignment method of a liquid crystal of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) device. An optical axis direction of a liquid crystal molecule is controlled by applying an alternating current (AC) electric field to the liquid crystal in an N*-to-SmC* phase transition temperature area. Since the optical axis direction can be changed with a desired temperature, an optical characteristic of a panel can be optimized.

Abstract: A side emitting device, a backlight unit using the same as a light source, and a liquid crystal display (LCD) employing the backlight unit. The side emitting device includes a light-emitting device to emit light, and a side emitter to change the path of at least part of the light emitted from the light-emitting device. The side emitter includes a first reflecting surface reflecting light emitted from the light-emitting device in a first range of angles close to a central axis, a first refracting surface refracting the light reflected by the first reflecting surface obliquely downward from the horizontal axis, and a second refracting surface refracting light emitted from the light-emitting device in a second range of angles complementary to the first range of angles. The backlight unit includes at least an array of side emitting devices, a reflection diffusion plate and a first transmission diffusion plate.

Abstract: Provided are a bonding structure for a flat panel display and a method of forming the same, and a flat panel display, including the bonding structure. The bonding structure of a flat panel display device, which is formed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate to seal and bond the two substrates of the flat panel display device, and the bonding structure includes an outer separation wall and an inner separation wall of same heights being arranged along edges of the upper substrate and the lower substrate with a predetermined interval, and a sealant being applied between the outer separation wall and tn wall.

Abstract: A method of aligning an FLC using an ultraviolet irradiation is provided. In the method, the FLC includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules each having a first group, and second through fourth groups arranged in a regular tetrahedron together with an axis of the first group centering on a chiral center, the method comprising: forming a photo-alignment layer on a substrate; and irradiating a polarized ultraviolet onto the photo-alignment layer formed on the substrate with an inclination angle, wherein an incident plane of the irradiated ultraviolet and the first group are not on the same plane but are perpendicular to each other, thereby bestowing a selectivity to one axis of the second through fourth groups. By aligning the CDR-FLC according to the present invention, and employing the aligned CDR-FLC in an LCD, the picture contrast ratio and the picture uniformity are enhanced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aligning a ferroelectric liquid crystal device and are provided. The method of aligning a ferroelectric liquid crystal device includes placing a liquid crystal device panel in a chamber maintained at a constant temperature; heating a lower substrate of the liquid crystal device to a temperature at which the liquid crystal changes into an isotropic phase; applying 1-100 kPa of pressure to the liquid crystal device; and cooling the lower substrate of the liquid crystal device slowly. A liquid crystal device aligned by the method is aligned uniformly across the entire panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device includes a wafer, glass, and walls formed at opposite ends of an upper surface of the wafer to define a predetermined cell gap between the glass and the wafer. A thin piezo-electric layer is attached onto a surface of the wafer and an electrode is applied with external power to expand and/or contract the thin piezo-electric layer. The LCOS device further includes a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage generated by the deformation of the thin piezo-electric layer; and a feedback control unit for compensating for deformation of the thin piezo-electric layer according to the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit. The LCOS device achieves uniformity of the cell gap by adjusting the voltage level of the thin piezo-electric layer after bonding the wafer and the glass, and therefore, spacers are not required.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid crystal compound represented by formula 1, a liquid crystal composition including the same, and a liquid crystal display including the liquid crystal composition: wherein X1, X2, R1, R2, L and are the same as described in specification. High optical anisotropy and negative dielectric anisotropy can be achieved by the use of the liquid crystal composition including the liquid crystal compound.

Abstract: A reflecting type liquid crystal display device having a perpendicularly aligned structure and shorter response time and a projector using the same are provided. The reflecting type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a reflective electrode, a second substrate having a transparent electrode, first and second alignment layers provided on the first substrate and the second substrate to be opposed to and face each other, a spacer interposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer to form a predetermined cell gap therebetween, and vertically aligned liquid crystals injected into the cell gap, the cell gap being not greater than 1.0 ?m, the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystals being negative value, and the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystals being not less than 0.14.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ferrodielectric liquid crystal display device includes the steps of injecting melted ferrodielectric liquid crystal in a cell formed between a lower structure body and an upper structure body each having a substrate, an electrode layer, and an orientation film and sealing the cell; cooling to obtain phase transitions of the ferrodielectric liquid crystal corresponding to a bookshelf structure; applying dc potentials to the electrode layers at temperature ranging from temperatures higher than phase transition temperatures to temperatures lower than phase transition temperatures, stopping the dc potential applications and cooling until below a predetermined temperature, and applying a reverse potential to the electrode layers and cooling again. The ferrodielectric liquid crystal display device produced by such a manufacturing method can display clear black-and-white states with the liquid crystal layers having a mono domain of the bookshelf structure.

Abstract: Provided is an alignment method of a liquid crystal of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) device. An optical axis direction of a liquid crystal molecule is controlled by applying an alternating current (AC) electric field to the liquid crystal in an N*-to-SmC* phase transition temperature area. Since the optical axis direction can be changed with a desired temperature, an optical characteristic of a panel can be optimized.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a ferroelectric liquid crystal display (FLCD), including: forming a lower structure and an upper structure, each having a substrate, an electrode layer, and an alignment film which are sequentially formed; forming a cell between the lower and upper structures; bonding the lower and upper structures together; injecting ferroelectric liquid crystal into the cell and then sealing the cell; and applying an AC potential of a desired frequency to the electrode layers, while dropping a temperature of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, so that a phase the ferroelectric liquid crystal is transformed corresponding to a bookshelf structure. In the FLCD, it is possible to perform AC driving of the liquid crystal layer having the micro-domain of the bookshelf structure and to have a wider visual angle and a clear white and black state.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reflective type ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof. The reflective type ferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises a display panel which is disposed between a polarization beam splitter and a mirror to satisfy a quarter plate condition, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be orthogonal and opposite to each other; and a compensation panel which is disposed between the display panel and the polarization beam splitter to satisfy a half plate condition, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be opposite to each other.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display including a liquid-display panel having a first electrode and a second electrode, with a liquid crystal therebetween, and a driver for supplying a first electric potential to the first and the second electrodes with a duty that is set to have a ratio of a display-on period to a set AC driving period exceeding 50%, and, during a display-off period of the set AC driving period, the driver supplies a second electric potential to the first and the second electrode, the second electric potential having an opposite polarity to the first electric potential and a greater level than that of the first electric potential. Consequently, the liquid-crystal display and the driving method thereof can prevent the transmittance loss and thus increase brightness.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ferrodielectric liquid crystal display device includes the steps of injecting melted ferrodielectric liquid crystal in a cell formed between a lower structure body and an upper structure body each having a substrate, an electrode layer, and an orientation film and sealing the cell; cooling to obtain phase transitions of the ferrodielectric liquid crystal corresponding to a bookshelf structure; applying dc potentials to the electrode layers at temperatures ranging from temperatures higher than phase transition temperatures to temperatures lower than phase transition temperatures, stopping the dc potential applications and cooling until below a predetermined temperature, and applying a reverse potential to the electrode layers and cooling again. The ferrodielectric liquid crystal display device produced by such a manufacturing method can display clear black-and-white states with the liquid crystal layers having a mono domain of the bookshelf structure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reflective type ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof. The reflective type ferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises a display panel which is disposed between a polarization beam splitter and a mirror to satisfy a quarter plate condition, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be orthogonal and opposite to each other; and a compensation panel which is disposed between the display panel and the polarization beam splitter to satisfy a half plate condition, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be opposite to each other.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof. The ferroelectric liquid crystal comprises a display panel which is disposed between polarizers of which polarization axis are orthogonal to each other, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be orthogonal and opposite to each other; and a compensation panel which is disposed between the display panel and the polarizer, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with the half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be opposite to each other. Therefore, the light loss can be reduced, and thus the gray scale display can be improved.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a ferroelectric liquid crystal display (FLCD), including: forming a lower structure and an upper structure, each having a substrate, an electrode layer, and an alignment film which are sequentially formed; forming a cell between the lower and upper structures; bonding the lower and upper structures together; injecting ferroelectric liquid crystal into the cell and then sealing the cell; and applying an AC potential of a desired frequency to the electrode layers, while dropping a temperature of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, so that a phase the ferroelectric liquid crystal is transformed corresponding to a bookshelf structure. In the FLCD, it is possible to perform AC driving of the liquid crystal layer having the micro-domain of the bookshelf structure and to have a wider visual angle and a clear white and black state.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display including an upper base plate and a lower base plate which are disposed apart from each other at a predetermined distance, electrode layers respectively formed on the upper base plate and the lower base plate facing each other, orientation layers respectively formed on the electrode layers and treated by rubbing in a first rubbing direction and a second rubbing direction which intersect at a predetermined angle, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the orientation layers and filled with a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure. Due to the ferroelectric liquid crystal display and the method of manufacturing the same, the ferroelectric liquid crystal of the bookshelf structure can stably twist by the treatment of the orientation such that an afterimage phenomenon is prevented and further a low threshold voltage and a bistability can be obtained.