Abstract: Disclosed are a MEMS gas sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. The MEMS gas sensor includes a substrate having a recess, a membrane disposed in the recess and having a through-hole configured to expose a portion of a top surface of the substrate, which is disposed at a central portion of the recess, sensing electrodes disposed in the membrane, and a sensing layer disposed on each of bottom and top surfaces of the membrane and disposed in the through-hole.

Abstract: A power management device includes a converter, a sampling circuit, an MPPT management circuit, and an MPPT control circuit. The converter converts a voltage across an output node of an energy source, based on a first control signal to output a final output voltage; The sampling circuit includes a sampling node measures a sampling voltage related to an open circuit voltage of the energy source, based on a second control signal. The MPPT management circuit generates the first control signal, based on the second control signal, the sampling voltage, and the voltage across the output node of the energy source. The MPPT control circuit controls a voltage level of the sampling voltage to be changed within a first threshold voltage range by applying a current to the sampling node, based on the second control signal and the sampling voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power management device which includes a storage unit, a comparison control unit, a switching unit, and a power transmission control unit. The storage unit includes storage nodes. The comparison control unit outputs switch control signals based on results of comparing voltage levels of the storage nodes and threshold voltage pairs in a one-to-one correspondence. The switching unit includes switches connecting one of the storage nodes to a transmission node. A first switch is turned off when a voltage level of a first storage node is smaller than or equal to a first lower limit voltage. A second switch is immediately turned on when a voltage level of a second storage node is greater than or equal to a second upper limit voltage and when the first switch is turned off.

Abstract: Disclosed is a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system, including an energy harvesting element, a switching circuit sampling an open circuit voltage of the energy harvesting element as a sampling voltage in an open state, receiving an input voltage from the energy harvesting element, and adjusting the input voltage based on the sampling voltage in a short circuit state, a converter circuit converting the adjusted input voltage into an output voltage, and an MPPT control circuit outputting first and second MPPT control signals for controlling the MPPT system to the converter circuit. The first and second MPPT control signals are based on a clock signal and have logic values inverted from each other, and the converter circuit opens or short-circuits the switching circuit based on the first and second MPPT control signal.

Abstract: Provided is a gas sensor including a substrate, a first membrane disposed on the substrate, a heating structure disposed on the first membrane, a second membrane disposed on the heating structure, a sensing electrode disposed on the second membrane, and a sensing material structure disposed on the sensing electrode. Here, the substrate provides an isolation space defined by a recessed surface obtained as a portion of a top surface of the substrate is spaced downward from a bottom surface of the first membrane, and the first membrane provides a first membrane etching hole that vertically extends to connect a top surface and the bottom surface of the first membrane and is connected with the isolation space. Also, the first membrane etching hole has a diameter of about 3 ?m to about 20 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a sensor module and a manufacturing method of the same. The sensor module includes a substrate having a first region, a second region, and a third region, an insulation layer provided on the substrate, a temperature sensor layer provided in the insulation layer of the first region, a gas sensor layer provided in an upper portion of and inside the insulation layer of the second region adjacent to the temperature sensor layer, and being thicker than the temperature sensor layer, and a sensor module provided on the insulation layer of the third region adjacent to the gas sensor layer, and including a humidity sensor layer thinner than the gas sensor layer.

Abstract: A power management device includes a converter, a sampling circuit, an MPPT management circuit, and an MPPT control circuit. The converter converts a voltage across an output node of an energy source, based on a first control signal to output a final output voltage; The sampling circuit includes a sampling node measures a sampling voltage related to an open circuit voltage of the energy source, based on a second control signal. The MPPT management circuit generates the first control signal, based on the second control signal, the sampling voltage, and the voltage across the output node of the energy source. The MPPT control circuit controls a voltage level of the sampling voltage to be changed within a first threshold voltage range by applying a current to the sampling node, based on the second control signal and the sampling voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power management device which includes a storage unit, a comparison control unit, a switching unit, and a power transmission control unit. The storage unit includes storage nodes. The comparison control unit outputs switch control signals based on results of comparing voltage levels of the storage nodes and threshold voltage pairs in a one-to-one correspondence. The switching unit includes switches connecting one of the storage nodes to a transmission node. A first switch is turned off when a voltage level of a first storage node is smaller than or equal to a first lower limit voltage. A second switch is immediately turned on when a voltage level of a second storage node is greater than or equal to a second upper limit voltage and when the first switch is turned off.

Abstract: A neuron circuit and an operating method thereof are disclosed. The neuron circuit may include an input unit to which an input pulse is applied, a bipolar memristor configured to have one end connected to one end of the input unit, a first capacitor configured to be connected between the one end of the bipolar memristor and a ground, a first diode configured to have an anode connected to the one end of the bipolar component, a second capacitor configured to have one end connected to a cathode of the first diode, a first switch configured to be connected between the one end of the second capacitor and the ground, and a second switch configured to be connected between the anode of the first diode and the other end of the second capacitor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a MEMS gas sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. The MEMS gas sensor includes a substrate having a recess, a membrane disposed in the recess and having a through-hole configured to expose a portion of a top surface of the substrate, which is disposed at a central portion of the recess, sensing electrodes disposed in the membrane, and a sensing layer disposed on each of bottom and top surfaces of the membrane and disposed in the through-hole.

Abstract: Disclosed are a wireless device capable of being self-powered and an operating method thereof. The wireless device includes an energy harvesting module that generates electrical energy based on energy supplied from an outside, a power management module that generates a voltage based on the electrical energy provided from the energy harvesting module, a user input interface that includes at least one input device sensing an input of a user, and a communication module that transfers a command corresponding to the at least one input device to the outside based on the voltage provided from the power management module, in response to that the at least one input device is accessed by the user.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a memory device, and more particularly, to a memory device including a substrate, a plurality of vertical structures disposed on the substrate and including insulation layers and lower electrodes, which are alternately laminated with each other, wherein the vertical structures are aligned in a first direction parallel to a top surface of the substrate and a second direction crossing the first direction, an upper electrode disposed on a top surface and side surfaces of each of the vertical structures, and a first dielectric layer disposed between the upper electrode and the vertical structures to cover the top surface and the side surfaces of each of the vertical structures. Here, the first dielectric layer includes a ferroelectric material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides is a method of manufacturing a flexible pressure sensor by forming the polymer support and the conductive particles from a single uniform solution and performing a curing of the polymer support and a growth of the conductive particles in a continuous process. The method of manufacturing a flexible pressure sensor includes: preparing a solution by adding a polymer support material, a conductive particle, and a photoinitiator to a solvent; applying the solution on a flexible substrate; and irradiating ultraviolet rays onto the solution applied on the flexible substrate to cure the solution and form a solid film.

Abstract: Disclosed are a wireless device capable of being self-powered and an operating method thereof. The wireless device includes an energy harvesting module that generates electrical energy based on energy supplied from an outside, a power management module that generates a voltage based on the electrical energy provided from the energy harvesting module, a user input interface that includes at least one input device sensing an input of a user, and a communication module that transfers a command corresponding to the at least one input device to the outside based on the voltage provided from the power management module, in response to that the at least one input device is accessed by the user.

Abstract: Provided is a gas sensor including a substrate, a first membrane disposed on the substrate, a heating structure disposed on the first membrane, a second membrane disposed on the heating structure, a sensing electrode disposed on the second membrane, and a sensing material structure disposed on the sensing electrode. Here, the substrate provides an isolation space defined by a recessed surface obtained as a portion of a top surface of the substrate is spaced downward from a bottom surface of the first membrane, and the first membrane provides a first membrane etching hole that vertically extends to connect a top surface and the bottom surface of the first membrane and is connected with the isolation space. Also, the first membrane etching hole has a diameter of about 3 ?m to about 20 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for tracking a maximum power point. The system includes an energy harvesting device, a power management integrated circuit including a switching circuit that adjusts an input voltage that is transmitted from the energy harvesting device and a conversion circuit that converts the input voltage adjusted by the switching circuit to output an output voltage, and a measuring device that calculates a ratio of a second power based on the input voltage to a first power based on an open circuit voltage of the energy harvesting device, using an internal impedance of the energy harvesting device and an input impedance of the power management integrated circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a memory device, and more particularly, to a memory device including a substrate, a plurality of vertical structures disposed on the substrate and including insulation layers and lower electrodes, which are alternately laminated with each other, wherein the vertical structures are aligned in a first direction parallel to a top surface of the substrate and a second direction crossing the first direction, an upper electrode disposed on a top surface and side surfaces of each of the vertical structures, and a first dielectric layer disposed between the upper electrode and the vertical structures to cover the top surface and the side surfaces of each of the vertical structures. Here, the first dielectric layer includes a ferroelectric material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for tracking a maximum power point. The system includes an energy harvesting device, a power management integrated circuit including a switching circuit that adjusts an input voltage that is transmitted from the energy harvesting device and a conversion circuit that converts the input voltage adjusted by the switching circuit to output an output voltage, and a measuring device that calculates a ratio of a second power based on the input voltage to a first power based on an open circuit voltage of the energy harvesting device, using an internal impedance of the energy harvesting device and an input impedance of the power management integrated circuit.

Abstract: A neuron circuit and an operating method thereof are disclosed. The neuron circuit may include an input unit to which an input pulse is applied, a bipolar memristor configured to have one end connected to one end of the input unit, a first capacitor configured to be connected between the one end of the bipolar memristor and a ground, a first diode configured to have an anode connected to the one end of the bipolar component, a second capacitor configured to have one end connected to a cathode of the first diode, a first switch configured to be connected between the one end of the second capacitor and the ground, and a second switch configured to be connected between the anode of the first diode and the other end of the second capacitor.

Abstract: Provided is a battery module and an electronic device, the battery module including a first battery, a second battery, a correcting element unit, and a battery controller, wherein the first battery includes a first internal resistance and provides a first current, the second battery is connected to the first battery, includes a second internal resistance and provides a second current, the correction element unit is connected to the first battery or the second battery and includes a variable resistor or a current source, the battery controller controls the correction element unit such that the first current is identical to the second current on a basis of a difference between values of the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance, and therefore performances of the first battery and the second battery are prevented from being deteriorated.